महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-86, verse-9

ययातिरुवाच ।
अरण्ये वसतो यस्य ग्रामो भवति पृष्ठतः ।
ग्रामे वा वसतोऽरण्यं स मुनिः स्याज्जनाधिप ॥९॥

9. yayātiruvāca ,
araṇye vasato yasya grāmo bhavati pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
grāme vā vasato'raṇyaṁ sa muniḥ syājjanādhipa.

9. yayātiḥ uvāca araṇye vasataḥ yasya grāmaḥ bhavati
pṛṣṭhataḥ grāme vā vasataḥ araṇyam sa muniḥ syāt janādhip

9. Yayāti said: "O lord of men, a sage (muni) is one for whom, while residing in the forest, the village remains behind (is mentally relinquished), or for whom, while residing in the village, the forest remains behind (is mentally relinquished)."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, for one dwelling, while dwelling

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

• ग्रामः (grāmaḥ) - village, community

• भवति (bhavati) - is, exists, becomes

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - mentally disregarded, left behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

• ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

• वा (vā) - or, either

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, for one dwelling, while dwelling

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest

• स (sa) - he, that

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, silent one

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

• जनाधिप् (janādhip) - O lord of men, O king

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, for one dwelling, while dwelling

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing (as a participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vas (to dwell) with śatṛ suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

ग्रामः (grāmaḥ) - village, community

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, community, multitude

भवति (bhavati) - is, exists, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - mentally disregarded, left behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with tas suffix

ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, community

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, for one dwelling, while dwelling

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing (as a participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vas (to dwell) with śatṛ suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, silent one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit, silent one

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential/optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

जनाधिप् (janādhip) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)