महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-86, verse-2

ययातिरुवाच ।
आहूताध्यायी गुरुकर्मस्वचोद्यः पूर्वोत्थायी चरमं चोपशायी ।
मृदुर्दान्तो धृतिमानप्रमत्तः स्वाध्यायशीलः सिध्यति ब्रह्मचारी ॥२॥

2. yayātiruvāca ,
āhūtādhyāyī gurukarmasvacodyaḥ; pūrvotthāyī caramaṁ copaśāyī ,
mṛdurdānto dhṛtimānapramattaḥ; svādhyāyaśīlaḥ sidhyati brahmacārī.

2. yayātiḥ uvāca āhūtādhyāyī gurukarmasu
acodyaḥ pūrvotthāyī caramam ca
upaśāyī mṛduḥ dāntaḥ dhṛtimān apramattaḥ
svādhyāyaśīlaḥ sidhyati brahmacārī

2. Yayāti said, "A student (brahmacārī) who studies when called, is unprompted in the duties of his teacher (guru), rises early, and goes to bed late; who is gentle, self-controlled, resolute, vigilant, and devoted to self-study (svādhyāya), succeeds."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आहूताध्यायी (āhūtādhyāyī) - one who studies when called (to do so)

• गुरुकर्मसु (gurukarmasu) - in the duties of the preceptor (guru)

• अचोद्यः (acodyaḥ) - unprompted, unbidden

• पूर्वोत्थायी (pūrvotthāyī) - one who rises early

• चरमम् (caramam) - late (last) (last, late)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपशायी (upaśāyī) - one who goes to bed (last) (one who lies down (to sleep), sleeping)

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - resolute, firm, steady, courageous

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, not negligent

• स्वाध्यायशीलः (svādhyāyaśīlaḥ) - devoted to self-study (svādhyāya), diligent in sacred recitation

• सिध्यति (sidhyati) - succeeds (succeeds, is accomplished, attains perfection)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a student, celibate student, one who observes celibacy

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - name of an ancient king

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

root vac, class 2, Perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आहूताध्यायी (āhūtādhyāyī) - one who studies when called (to do so)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūtādhyāyin

āhūtādhyāyin - one who studies when called; a diligent student

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āhūta+adhyāyin)

• āhūta – called, summoned, invited
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root hve (to call) with upasarga ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)
• adhyāyin – one who studies, a student, a reader
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi + i (to go/study)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

गुरुकर्मसु (gurukarmasu) - in the duties of the preceptor (guru)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of gurukarman

gurukarman - the duties/work of a preceptor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+karman)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)
  noun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, duty, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अचोद्यः (acodyaḥ) - unprompted, unbidden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acodya

acodya - not to be urged, unprompted, unbidden

Negative Gerundive

from root cud (to urge) with negative prefix a

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (a+codya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• codya – to be urged, to be prompted
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  root cud, gerundive
  Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

पूर्वोत्थायी (pūrvotthāyī) - one who rises early

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvotthāyin

pūrvotthāyin - one who rises early

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+utthāyin)

• pūrva – former, earlier, prior, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• utthāyin – one who rises, rising
  adjective (masculine)
  from ud + sthā (to stand up)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

चरमम् (caramam) - late (last) (last, late)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carama

carama - last, final, utmost, extreme

Note: Accusative singular neuter, acting as an adverb here.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उपशायी (upaśāyī) - one who goes to bed (last) (one who lies down (to sleep), sleeping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaśāyin

upaśāyin - lying down near, sleeping near; one who sleeps

from upa + śī (to lie down)

Prefix: upa

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, gentle, mild

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - subdued, self-controlled, disciplined, patient

Past Passive Participle

root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - resolute, firm, steady, courageous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - resolute, firm, steady, courageous, endowed with perseverance

suff. matup from dhṛti (firmness, resolution)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, not negligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, attentive, careful, not negligent

Negative Past Passive Participle

from pra + mad (to be negligent) with negative prefix a

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root mad with upasarga pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

स्वाध्यायशीलः (svādhyāyaśīlaḥ) - devoted to self-study (svādhyāya), diligent in sacred recitation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svādhyāyaśīla

svādhyāyaśīla - devoted to self-study, diligent in sacred recitation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+śīla)

• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of sacred texts (svādhyāya)
  noun (masculine)
• śīla – nature, habit, custom, disposition; characterized by
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the brahmacārī.

सिध्यति (sidhyati) - succeeds (succeeds, is accomplished, attains perfection)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sidh

Present Active Indicative

root sidh, class 4, Present, 3rd person singular

Root: sidh (class 4)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a student, celibate student, one who observes celibacy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - a student, one observing celibacy (brahmacarya)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – Brahman (the Absolute), sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, performing, practicing, following
  adjective (masculine)
  from car (to move, perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Acts as the subject of "sidhyati".