महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-74, verse-4

यः समुत्पतितं क्रोधं क्षमयेह निरस्यति ।
यथोरगस्त्वचं जीर्णां स वै पुरुष उच्यते ॥४॥

4. yaḥ samutpatitaṁ krodhaṁ kṣamayeha nirasyati ,
yathoragastvacaṁ jīrṇāṁ sa vai puruṣa ucyate.

4. yaḥ samutpatitam krodham kṣamayā iha nirasyati
yathā uragaḥ tvacam jīrṇām saḥ vai puruṣaḥ ucyate

4. He who, in this world, overcomes surging anger with forgiveness, just as a snake sheds its old skin, is indeed called a puruṣa.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - arisen, sprung up, surging

• क्रोधम् (krodham) - anger, wrath

• क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, by patience, by forbearance

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• निरस्यति (nirasyati) - casts off, repels, removes, overcomes

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

• त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin, hide, slough

• जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out, decayed, shed

• सः (saḥ) - he

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - puruṣa, person, human being

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause.

समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - arisen, sprung up, surging

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samutpatita

samutpatita - arisen, sprung up, produced, soaring

Past Passive Participle

From √pat (to fly, fall) with upasargas 'sam-' and 'ut-'

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'krodham'.

क्रोधम् (krodham) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

From √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'nirasyati'.

क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, by patience, by forbearance

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, forbearance, endurance, the earth

Note: Means of action.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

निरस्यति (nirasyati) - casts off, repels, removes, overcomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of niras

present tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Prefix: nir

Root: as (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction for comparison.

उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally 'chest-goer')

From 'uras' (chest) and √gam (to go)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
• ga – goer, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From √gam (to go) with suffix -a
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject in the comparative clause.

त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin, hide, slough

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark, slough

Note: Object of shedding (implied by the simile).

जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out, decayed, shed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, decayed, digested, shed

Past Passive Participle

From √jṝ (to wear out, decay)

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'tvacam'.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - puruṣa, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - puruṣa, man, person, human being, spirit, the male principle

Note: Predicative nominative.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular, passive

Root: vac (class 2)