महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-74, verse-2

यः समुत्पतितं क्रोधं निगृह्णाति हयं यथा ।
स यन्तेत्युच्यते सद्भिर्न यो रश्मिषु लम्बते ॥२॥

2. yaḥ samutpatitaṁ krodhaṁ nigṛhṇāti hayaṁ yathā ,
sa yantetyucyate sadbhirna yo raśmiṣu lambate.

2. yaḥ samutpatitam krodham nigṛhṇāti hayam yathā saḥ
yantā iti ucyate sadbhiḥ na yaḥ raśmiṣu lambate

2. He who restrains his surging anger, just as one would a horse, is called a 'controller' by the wise, not one who merely clings to the reins.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - arisen, sprung up, surging

• क्रोधम् (krodham) - anger, wrath

• निगृह्णाति (nigṛhṇāti) - restrains, checks, controls

• हयम् (hayam) - horse

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• सः (saḥ) - he

• यन्ता (yantā) - controller, charioteer

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by noble people, by the wise

• न (na) - not, no

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• रश्मिषु (raśmiṣu) - in the reins

• लम्बते (lambate) - clings to the reins (i.e., is not in control) (hangs, dangles, clings)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause.

समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - arisen, sprung up, surging

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samutpatita

samutpatita - arisen, sprung up, produced, soaring

Past Passive Participle

From √pat (to fly, fall) with upasargas 'sam-' and 'ut-'

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'krodham'.

क्रोधम् (krodham) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

From √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'nigṛhṇāti'.

निगृह्णाति (nigṛhṇāti) - restrains, checks, controls

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of nigrah

present tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

हयम् (hayam) - horse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of comparison.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction for comparison.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

यन्ता (yantā) - controller, charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - controller, charioteer, guide, discipliner

agent noun

From √yam (to restrain, control) with suffix -tṛ

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Predicative nominative.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces or marks a quote/statement.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular, passive

Root: vac (class 2)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by noble people, by the wise

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, wise, existing, real

present active participle

From √as (to be) with suffix -at

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Instrumental plural of 'sat' (the good, wise people).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Subject of the negative clause.

रश्मिषु (raśmiṣu) - in the reins

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - ray, beam, rein, bridle, rope

Note: Locative plural of raśmi.

लम्बते (lambate) - clings to the reins (i.e., is not in control) (hangs, dangles, clings)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of lamb

present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root: lamb (class 1)