महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-74, verse-12

वाग्दुरुक्तं महाघोरं दुहितुर्वृषपर्वणः ।
न ह्यतो दुष्करतरं मन्ये लोकेष्वपि त्रिषु ।
यः सपत्नश्रियं दीप्तां हीनश्रीः पर्युपासते ॥१२॥

12. vāgduruktaṁ mahāghoraṁ duhiturvṛṣaparvaṇaḥ ,
na hyato duṣkarataraṁ manye lokeṣvapi triṣu ,
yaḥ sapatnaśriyaṁ dīptāṁ hīnaśrīḥ paryupāsate.

12. vāc duruktam mahāghoram duhituḥ
vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ na hi ataḥ duṣkarataram
manye lokeṣu api triṣu yaḥ
sapatnaśriyam dīptām hīnaśrīḥ pari upāsate

12. The extremely terrible verbal abuse originated from Vṛṣaparvan's daughter. Indeed, I do not believe there is anything more difficult in all three worlds than for a person, devoid of their own splendor, to be forced to serve the radiant glory of a rival.

Words meanings summery:

• वाच् (vāc) - speech, word, voice

• दुरुक्तम् (duruktam) - ill-spoken, abuse, bad speech, reproach

• महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - extremely terrible, very fierce, exceedingly dreadful

• दुहितुः (duhituḥ) - of the daughter

• वृषपर्वणः (vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ) - of King Vṛṣaparvan (of Vṛṣaparvan)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• अतः (ataḥ) - than this, therefore, hence

• दुष्करतरम् (duṣkarataram) - more difficult, harder

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, in the realms

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three

• यः (yaḥ) - who, one who

• सपत्नश्रियम् (sapatnaśriyam) - the splendor of a rival, the glory of a rival

• दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - radiant, glorious, blazing, shining

• हीनश्रीः (hīnaśrīḥ) - one who is deprived of splendor, devoid of glory

• परि (pari) - around, about, thoroughly, completely

• उपासते (upāsate) - serves, attends upon, worships, waits upon

Words meanings and morphology

वाच् (vāc) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

दुरुक्तम् (duruktam) - ill-spoken, abuse, bad speech, reproach

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durukta

durukta - ill-spoken, badly said, abuse, reproach

Past Passive Participle

from dus-vac (to speak ill)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+ukta)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• ukta – spoken, said, declared
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: It is grammatically a participle used as a noun, meaning 'that which is ill-spoken'.

महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - extremely terrible, very fierce, exceedingly dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, fierce, frightful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fierce, frightful
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'duruktam'.

दुहितुः (duhituḥ) - of the daughter

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

वृषपर्वणः (vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ) - of King Vṛṣaparvan (of Vṛṣaparvan)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛṣaparvan

vṛṣaparvan - name of an Asura king, father of Sharmishtha

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

अतः (ataḥ) - than this, therefore, hence

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with a comparative.

दुष्करतरम् (duṣkarataram) - more difficult, harder

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkaratara

duṣkaratara - more difficult, harder, more arduous (comparative)

comparative degree of duṣkara (difficult)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+karatara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• karatara – more making, more doing, more causing
  adjective (neuter)
  comparative of kara (making, doing)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of man

Root: man (class 4)

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, in the realms

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, universe, people

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'lokeṣu'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, one who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the subject of 'paryupāsate'.

सपत्नश्रियम् (sapatnaśriyam) - the splendor of a rival, the glory of a rival

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sapatnaśrī

sapatnaśrī - the splendor/fortune/glory of a rival or enemy

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sapatna+śrī)

• sapatna – rival, enemy, competitor
  noun (masculine)
• śrī – splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty, good fortune
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'paryupāsate'.

दीप्ताम् (dīptām) - radiant, glorious, blazing, shining

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - radiant, shining, blazing, glorious, illuminated

Past Passive Participle

from dīp (to shine, blaze)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'sapatnaśriyam'.

हीनश्रीः (hīnaśrīḥ) - one who is deprived of splendor, devoid of glory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīnaśrī

hīnaśrī - deprived of splendor or fortune, lacking glory

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+śrī)

• hīna – abandoned, deprived, deficient, inferior, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Particable
  from hā (to abandon, lose)
  Root: hā (class 3)
• śrī – splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty, good fortune
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the subject ('yaḥ').

परि (pari) - around, about, thoroughly, completely

(indeclinable)

उपासते (upāsate) - serves, attends upon, worships, waits upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Combined with 'pari' as 'paryupāsate'.