महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-40, verse-10

सरःसु फुल्लेषु वनेषु चैव ह प्रसन्नचेता विजहार वीर्यवान् ।
तथा स राजन्यवरो विजह्रिवान्यथोर्वशीं प्राप्य पुरा पुरूरवाः ॥१०॥

10. saraḥsu phulleṣu vaneṣu caiva ha; prasannacetā vijahāra vīryavān ,
tathā sa rājanyavaro vijahrivā;nyathorvaśīṁ prāpya purā purūravāḥ.

10. saraḥsu phulleṣu vaneṣu ca eva ha
prasannacetāḥ vijahāra vīryavān
tathā saḥ rājanyavaraḥ vijahrivān
yathā urvaśīm prāpya purā purūravāḥ

10. The valorous one, with a cheerful mind, roamed in the blooming lakes and forests. He enjoyed himself just as Pururavas did in ancient times after obtaining Urvashi.

10. המלך האדיר, ברוח שלווה, בילה באגמים פורחים וביערות, כפי שבילה פּוּרוּרַוָאהְ בימי קדם לאחר שזכה באוּרְוַשִׁי.

Words meanings summery:

• सरःसु (saraḥsu) - in lakes, in ponds

• फुल्लेषु (phulleṣu) - in blooming, in expanded, in opened

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, in groves

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• ह (ha) - indeed, oh, alas, certainly

• प्रसन्नचेताः (prasannacetāḥ) - with a cheerful mind, happy-minded

• विजहार (vijahāra) - roamed, enjoyed, diverted oneself

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, heroic

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, in that manner

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• राजन्यवरः (rājanyavaraḥ) - best of kings, best among Kshatriyas

• विजह्रिवान् (vijahrivān) - having roamed, having enjoyed

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• उर्वशीम् (urvaśīm) - The celestial nymph Urvashi, famous in Hindu mythology. (Urvashi (a celestial nymph))

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

• पुरूरवाः (purūravāḥ) - The legendary king Pururavas, famous for his love story with Urvashi. (Pururavas (a legendary king))

Words meanings and morphology

सरःसु (saraḥsu) - in lakes, in ponds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool, water

Root: sṛ (class 1)

फुल्लेषु (phulleṣu) - in blooming, in expanded, in opened

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of phulla

phulla - blooming, blossoming, opened, expanded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √phull (to bloom, expand)

Root: phull (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saraḥsu' and 'vaneṣu'.

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, in groves

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, oh, alas, certainly

(indeclinable)

प्रसन्नचेताः (prasannacetāḥ) - with a cheerful mind, happy-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasannacetas

prasannacetas - cheerful-minded, happy-minded, having a clear mind

Bahuvrihi compound 'prasanna' (clear, cheerful) + 'cetas' (mind).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (prasanna+cetas)

• prasanna – clear, bright, serene, cheerful, pleased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √sad (to sit, settle) with prefix pra- (forth, forward). pra-√sad (to become clear, pleased).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vīryavān' and 'rājanyavaraḥ'.

विजहार (vijahāra) - roamed, enjoyed, diverted oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vi-hṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From √hṛ (to take, carry) with prefix 'vi-' (apart, away). vi-hṛ (to roam, sport, enjoy).

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valorous, brave, powerful, heroic, possessing strength

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -vat from 'vīrya'.

Note: Refers to the main subject of the sentence, likely a king or hero.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, in that manner

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the king mentioned previously or implicitly.

राजन्यवरः (rājanyavaraḥ) - best of kings, best among Kshatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājanyavara

rājanyavara - best of kings, chief of Kshatriyas, excellent warrior

Tatpurusha compound 'rājanya' (Kshatriya, king) + 'vara' (best, excellent).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (rājanya+vara)

• rājanya – king, princely, belonging to the royal class (Kshatriya)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• vara – best, excellent, choice, boon, suitor
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the same person as 'vīryavān'.

विजह्रिवान् (vijahrivān) - having roamed, having enjoyed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vi-hṛ

hṛ - to carry, take, seize, steal

Past Active Participle

From √hṛ with prefix 'vi-'. Formed with the suffix -vas (kvasu).

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'rājanyavaraḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

उर्वशीम् (urvaśīm) - The celestial nymph Urvashi, famous in Hindu mythology. (Urvashi (a celestial nymph))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of urvaśī

urvaśī - Urvashi (name of a celestial nymph, Apsara)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'pra-' (forth). pra-āp (to reach, obtain).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Null for gender/number/case/person because it is an indeclinable gerund.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

पुरूरवाः (purūravāḥ) - The legendary king Pururavas, famous for his love story with Urvashi. (Pururavas (a legendary king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purūravas

purūravas - Pururavas (name of an ancient king, son of Budha and Ila)

Note: Subject of the implied action (roaming/enjoying).

Previous Verse Next Verse