महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-40, verse-1

सूत उवाच ।
तं तथा मन्त्रिणो दृष्ट्वा भोगेन परिवेष्टितम् ।
विवर्णवदनाः सर्वे रुरुदुर्भृशदुःखिताः ॥१॥

1. sūta uvāca ,
taṁ tathā mantriṇo dṛṣṭvā bhogena pariveṣṭitam ,
vivarṇavadanāḥ sarve rurudurbhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ.

1. sūtaḥ uvāca tam tathā mantriṇaḥ dṛṣṭvā bhogena
pariveṣṭitam vivarṇavadanāḥ sarve ruruduḥ bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ

1. Sūta said: Having seen him thus, encircled by the serpent's body, all the ministers, their faces pale and exceedingly distressed, wept.

1. סוּטַה אמר, כשראו השרים את המלך מוקף כך בגוף הנחש, חיוורו פניהם של כולם והם בכו מרוב צער.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

• तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - in that state/manner (thus, in that manner)

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the king's ministers (ministers)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भोगेन (bhogena) - by the serpent's body (by the hood/body of a serpent)

• परिवेष्टितम् (pariveṣṭitam) - encircled (by the serpent) (encircled, surrounded)

• विवर्णवदनाः (vivarṇavadanāḥ) - with pale faces (having pale faces)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers) (all, everyone)

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

• भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (exceedingly distressed/grieved)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form of vac.

तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - in that state/manner (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial particle.

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the king's ministers (ministers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counsellor

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(verb)

active

absolutive

kṛtvā pratyaya of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भोगेन (bhogena) - by the serpent's body (by the hood/body of a serpent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, possession, hood of a serpent, body of a serpent

action noun

from root bhuj + ghañ

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Here refers to the snake's body or hood used for coiling.

परिवेष्टितम् (pariveṣṭitam) - encircled (by the serpent) (encircled, surrounded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pariveṣṭita

pariveṣṭita - encircled, surrounded, wrapped

past participle

past passive participle of pari-veṣṭ

Prefix: pari

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tam (the king).

विवर्णवदनाः (vivarṇavadanāḥ) - with pale faces (having pale faces)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivarṇavadana

vivarṇavadana - having a pale face, pale-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivarṇa+vadana)

• vivarṇa – discolored, pale, without color
  adjective
  Prefix: vi
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (exceedingly distressed/grieved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛśaduḥkhita

bhṛśaduḥkhita - exceedingly distressed, greatly grieved

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhṛśa+duḥkhita)

• bhṛśa – excessive, great, much
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved, unhappy
  adjective
  past participle
  past passive participle of root duḥkh (denominative)
  Root: duḥkh

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.

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