महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-40, verse-1

सूत उवाच ।
तं तथा मन्त्रिणो दृष्ट्वा भोगेन परिवेष्टितम् ।
विवर्णवदनाः सर्वे रुरुदुर्भृशदुःखिताः ॥१॥

1. sūta uvāca ,
taṁ tathā mantriṇo dṛṣṭvā bhogena pariveṣṭitam ,
vivarṇavadanāḥ sarve rurudurbhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ.

1. sūtaḥ uvāca tam tathā mantriṇaḥ dṛṣṭvā bhogena
pariveṣṭitam vivarṇavadanāḥ sarve ruruduḥ bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ

1. Sūta said: Having seen him thus, encircled by the serpent's body, all the ministers, their faces pale and exceedingly distressed, wept.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

• तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - in that state/manner (thus, in that manner)

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the king's ministers (ministers)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भोगेन (bhogena) - by the serpent's body (by the hood/body of a serpent)

• परिवेष्टितम् (pariveṣṭitam) - encircled (by the serpent) (encircled, surrounded)

• विवर्णवदनाः (vivarṇavadanāḥ) - with pale faces (having pale faces)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers) (all, everyone)

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

• भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (exceedingly distressed/grieved)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form of vac.

तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - in that state/manner (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial particle.

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the king's ministers (ministers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counsellor

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(verb)

active

absolutive

kṛtvā pratyaya of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भोगेन (bhogena) - by the serpent's body (by the hood/body of a serpent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, possession, hood of a serpent, body of a serpent

action noun

from root bhuj + ghañ

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Here refers to the snake's body or hood used for coiling.

परिवेष्टितम् (pariveṣṭitam) - encircled (by the serpent) (encircled, surrounded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pariveṣṭita

pariveṣṭita - encircled, surrounded, wrapped

past participle

past passive participle of pari-veṣṭ

Prefix: pari

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tam (the king).

विवर्णवदनाः (vivarṇavadanāḥ) - with pale faces (having pale faces)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivarṇavadana

vivarṇavadana - having a pale face, pale-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivarṇa+vadana)

• vivarṇa – discolored, pale, without color
  adjective
  Prefix: vi
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (ministers) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (exceedingly distressed/grieved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛśaduḥkhita

bhṛśaduḥkhita - exceedingly distressed, greatly grieved

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhṛśa+duḥkhita)

• bhṛśa – excessive, great, much
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved, unhappy
  adjective
  past participle
  past passive participle of root duḥkh (denominative)
  Root: duḥkh

Note: Qualifies mantriṇaḥ.