महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-40, verse-11

वपुष्टमा चापि वरं पतिं तदा प्रतीतरूपं समवाप्य भूमिपम् ।
भावेन रामा रमयां बभूव वै विहारकालेष्ववरोधसुन्दरी ॥११॥

11. vapuṣṭamā cāpi varaṁ patiṁ tadā; pratītarūpaṁ samavāpya bhūmipam ,
bhāvena rāmā ramayāṁ babhūva vai; vihārakāleṣvavarodhasundarī.

11. vapuṣṭamā ca api varam patim tadā
pratītarūpam samavāpya bhūmipam
bhāvena rāmā ramayām babhūva
vai vihārakāleṣu avarodhasundarī

11. Then, the most beautiful Vapuṣṭamā, having obtained the king (bhūmipa) as her excellent husband, a man of renowned form, became joyful (ramayām babhūva) with intense feeling (bhāvena). This beautiful lady of the inner chambers was indeed charming during their leisurely activities.

Words meanings summery:

• वपुष्टमा (vapuṣṭamā) - Name of a female character, indicating her supreme beauty. (the most beautiful in form, of the finest physique)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

• वरम् (varam) - excellent, or as a boon. Here, 'excellent husband'. (excellent, best, boon)

• पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रतीतरूपम् (pratītarūpam) - of renowned form, of famous appearance, of acknowledged beauty

• समवाप्य (samavāpya) - having obtained, having acquired, having reached completely

• भूमिपम् (bhūmipam) - king, protector of the earth

• भावेन (bhāvena) - with intense feeling or love (for her husband). (with feeling, with emotion, with love, by means of being)

• रामा (rāmā) - Refers to Vapuṣṭamā as a charming woman. (a beautiful woman, charming lady)

• रमयाम् (ramayām) - Part of the idiom 'ramayām babhūva' meaning 'became delightful/charming'. ((became) delightful, charming, pleased)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, was

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• विहारकालेषु (vihārakāleṣu) - during times of sport, during periods of amusement, in recreational times

• अवरोधसुन्दरी (avarodhasundarī) - Refers to Vapuṣṭamā, emphasizing her status as a royal consort. (beautiful woman of the inner palace/harem)

Words meanings and morphology

वपुष्टमा (vapuṣṭamā) - Name of a female character, indicating her supreme beauty. (the most beautiful in form, of the finest physique)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vapuṣṭamā

vapuṣṭamā - of the most beautiful form, most shapely, finest in body

Superlative form derived from 'vapus' (body, form) using 'iṣṭha' suffix (or directly 'vapuṣṭa' + feminine 'ā').

Note: Subject of the sentence (the one obtaining the husband).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

(indeclinable)

वरम् (varam) - excellent, or as a boon. Here, 'excellent husband'. (excellent, best, boon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, suitor

Derived from √vṛ (to choose, select).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'patim'.

पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - husband, lord, master, owner

Note: Object of 'samavāpya'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the time after she obtained him.

प्रतीतरूपम् (pratītarūpam) - of renowned form, of famous appearance, of acknowledged beauty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratītarūpa

pratītarūpa - of renowned form, of famous appearance, recognized for beauty/form

Bahuvrihi compound 'pratīta' (known, renowned) + 'rūpa' (form, appearance).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (pratīta+rūpa)

• pratīta – known, renowned, understood, clear
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √i (to go) with prefixes prati- (towards, against) + a- (all around). prati-ā-√i (to understand, to become clear).
  Prefixes: prati+ā
  Root: i (class 2)
• rūpa – form, appearance, beauty, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'patim' and 'bhūmipam'.

समवाप्य (samavāpya) - having obtained, having acquired, having reached completely

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √āp (to obtain) with prefixes 'sam-' (together, completely) and 'ava-' (down, off).

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Null for gender/number/case/person because it is an indeclinable gerund.

भूमिपम् (bhūmipam) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound 'bhūmi' (earth) + 'pa' (protector, ruler).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land, soil
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, ruler, one who drinks
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā (to protect, to drink).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositional to 'patim'.

भावेन (bhāvena) - with intense feeling or love (for her husband). (with feeling, with emotion, with love, by means of being)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state of being, feeling, emotion, love, sentiment, intention

From √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the emotional state of Vapuṣṭamā.

रामा (rāmā) - Refers to Vapuṣṭamā as a charming woman. (a beautiful woman, charming lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rāmā

rāmā - a beautiful woman, charming lady, wife

Feminine form of 'rāma' (pleasing, charming).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Appositional to Vapuṣṭamā.

रमयाम् (ramayām) - Part of the idiom 'ramayām babhūva' meaning 'became delightful/charming'. ((became) delightful, charming, pleased)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramā

ramā - pleasure, delight, charm, beauty, Lakshmi

From √ram (to delight, enjoy). Here, in a peculiar accusative or locative form used with 'babhūva'.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: In the idiom 'ramayām babhūva' (became delighted).

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, often used in ancient texts.

विहारकालेषु (vihārakāleṣu) - during times of sport, during periods of amusement, in recreational times

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vihārakāla

vihārakāla - time for sport, time for amusement, recreational time, pleasure time

Tatpurusha compound 'vihāra' (sport, recreation) + 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vihāra+kāla)

• vihāra – sport, recreation, enjoyment, wandering, monastery
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from √hṛ (to take, carry) with prefix 'vi-'. vi-hṛ (to roam, sport).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the circumstances of her charm.

अवरोधसुन्दरी (avarodhasundarī) - Refers to Vapuṣṭamā, emphasizing her status as a royal consort. (beautiful woman of the inner palace/harem)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avarodhasundarī

avarodhasundarī - beautiful woman of the inner palace, lady of the harem

Tatpurusha compound 'avarodha' (harem, inner apartment) + 'sundarī' (beautiful woman).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (avarodha+sundarī)

• avarodha – harem, inner apartment, enclosure, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √rudh (to obstruct, confine) with prefix 'ava-'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: rudh (class 7)
• sundarī – beautiful woman, lovely lady
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'sundara' (beautiful).

Note: Also refers to Vapuṣṭamā, as a beautiful lady of the royal household.