महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-23, verse-9

विनतोवाच ।
दासीभूतास्म्यनार्याया भगिन्याः पतगोत्तम ।
पणं वितथमास्थाय सर्पैरुपधिना कृतम् ॥९॥

9. vinatovāca ,
dāsībhūtāsmyanāryāyā bhaginyāḥ patagottama ,
paṇaṁ vitathamāsthāya sarpairupadhinā kṛtam.

9. vinataḥ uvāca dāsībhūtā asmi anāryāyāḥ bhaginyāḥ
patagottama paṇam vitatham āsthāya sarpaiḥ upadhinā kṛtam

9. Vinatā said: "O best of birds, I have become a slave to my ignoble sister because of a false wager, which was brought about by the serpents through deception."

9. וִינַטָה אמרה, הו מעולה שבציפורים, הפכתי לשפחה של אחותי הבלתי אצילה, בגלל התערבות שקרית שהנחשים עשו בתחבולה.

Words meanings summery:

• विनतः (vinataḥ) - Vinata (the speaker, referring to Vinatā) (bowed, humble (masculine nominative singular))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• दासीभूता (dāsībhūtā) - having become a slave (having become a female servant/slave (feminine nominative singular))

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अनार्यायाः (anāryāyāḥ) - of the ignoble (of the ignoble, of the unworthy (feminine genitive singular))

• भगिन्याः (bhaginyāḥ) - of my sister (of the sister (feminine genitive singular))

• पतगोत्तम (patagottama) - O best of birds (addressing Garuḍa) (O best of birds (vocative singular))

• पणम् (paṇam) - a wager (wager, stake (accusative singular))

• वितथम् (vitatham) - false (false, untrue, fruitless (accusative singular))

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having entered into (a wager) (having resorted to, having undertaken, having entered upon (gerund))

• सर्पैः (sarpaiḥ) - by the serpents (by the serpents (masculine instrumental plural))

• उपधिना (upadhinā) - through deception (by deceit, by fraud (instrumental singular))

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - made, brought about (done, made (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

विनतः (vinataḥ) - Vinata (the speaker, referring to Vinatā) (bowed, humble (masculine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinata

vinata - bowed, humble, submissive, modest

past passive participle

derived from root `nam` (to bow) with prefix `vi-`

Prefix: vi

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Vinatā (Garuḍa's mother).

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

derived from root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

दासीभूता (dāsībhūtā) - having become a slave (having become a female servant/slave (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dāsībhūta

dāsībhūta - become a female servant/slave

compound of `dāsī` (female servant) and `bhūta` (become, past passive participle of `bhū`)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāsī+bhūta)

• dāsī – female servant, slave girl
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, past (past passive participle)
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from root `bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'aham' (I).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active indicative

derived from root `as`

Root: as (class 2)

अनार्यायाः (anāryāyāḥ) - of the ignoble (of the ignoble, of the unworthy (feminine genitive singular))

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of anāryā

anāryā - ignoble woman, unworthy woman

compound of `an` (negation) + `āryā` (noble woman)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āryā)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āryā – noble woman, respected woman
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies `bhaginyāḥ`.

भगिन्याः (bhaginyāḥ) - of my sister (of the sister (feminine genitive singular))

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhaginī

bhaginī - sister

Note: Refers to Kadrū, the mother of the serpents.

पतगोत्तम (patagottama) - O best of birds (addressing Garuḍa) (O best of birds (vocative singular))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of patagottama

patagottama - best of birds

tatpuruṣa compound of `pataga` (bird) and `uttama` (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pataga+uttama)

• pataga – bird, one who goes through the air
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root `pat` (to fly/fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective

Note: Address to Garuḍa.

पणम् (paṇam) - a wager (wager, stake (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paṇa

paṇa - wager, stake, price, sum

Root: paṇ (class 1)

Note: Object of `āsthāya`.

वितथम् (vitatham) - false (false, untrue, fruitless (accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vitatha

vitatha - false, untrue, vain, fruitless, ineffectual

compound of `vi-` (negation/separation) and `tatha` (true, real)

Note: Modifies `paṇam`.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having entered into (a wager) (having resorted to, having undertaken, having entered upon (gerund))

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

derived from root `sthā` with prefix `ā-`

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Connects to `paṇam` as its object.

सर्पैः (sarpaiḥ) - by the serpents (by the serpents (masculine instrumental plural))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Agent of `kṛtam`.

उपधिना (upadhinā) - through deception (by deceit, by fraud (instrumental singular))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upadhi

upadhi - deceit, fraud, trick, dishonesty

derived from root `dhā` (to place) with prefix `upa-`

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies `kṛtam`.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - made, brought about (done, made (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

past passive participle

derived from root `kṛ`

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies `paṇam`.

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