महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-23, verse-10

सूत उवाच ।
तस्मिंस्तु कथिते मात्रा कारणे गगनेचरः ।
उवाच वचनं सर्पांस्तेन दुःखेन दुःखितः ॥१०॥

10. sūta uvāca ,
tasmiṁstu kathite mātrā kāraṇe gaganecaraḥ ,
uvāca vacanaṁ sarpāṁstena duḥkhena duḥkhitaḥ.

10. sūtaḥ uvāca tasmin tu kathite mātrā kāraṇe gaganecaraḥ
uvāca vacanam sarpān tena duḥkhena duḥkhitaḥ

10. Sūta said: "When his mother had explained the reason, the sky-dweller (Garuḍa), distressed by that sorrow, spoke to the serpents."

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (Sūta (a bard, charioteer; proper name, nominative singular))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (cause was told) (in that, to that (locative singular))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (an emphasizing particle) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कथिते (kathite) - (when it was) told, explained (told, related (locative singular))

• मात्रा (mātrā) - by his mother (by the mother (instrumental singular))

• कारणे (kāraṇe) - when the reason was told (in the cause, in the reason (locative singular))

• गगनेचरः (gaganecaraḥ) - the sky-dweller (Garuḍa) (sky-walker, sky-dweller (nominative singular))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech (neuter accusative singular))

• सर्पान् (sarpān) - to the serpents (to the serpents (masculine accusative plural))

• तेन (tena) - by that (sorrow) (by that (masculine/neuter instrumental singular))

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by that sorrow (by sorrow, by suffering (neuter instrumental singular))

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, afflicted (nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (Sūta (a bard, charioteer; proper name, nominative singular))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator (proper name)

Note: The speaker of this part of the narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

derived from root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (cause was told) (in that, to that (locative singular))

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with `kāraṇe` in a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (an emphasizing particle) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कथिते (kathite) - (when it was) told, explained (told, related (locative singular))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - told, spoken, narrated, explained

past passive participle

derived from root `kath` (to tell)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `kāraṇe` and `tasmin`.

मात्रा (mātrā) - by his mother (by the mother (instrumental singular))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Agent in the locative absolute construction.

कारणे (kāraṇe) - when the reason was told (in the cause, in the reason (locative singular))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

action noun

derived from root `kṛ` (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

गगनेचरः (gaganecaraḥ) - the sky-dweller (Garuḍa) (sky-walker, sky-dweller (nominative singular))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaganecara

gaganecara - sky-goer, bird, celestial being

tatpuruṣa compound of `gagana` (sky) and `cara` (going, moving)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gagana+cara)

• gagana – sky, atmosphere, heaven
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going, a goer
  adjective
  agent noun
  derived from root `car` (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to Garuḍa.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

derived from root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech (neuter accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, command

action noun

derived from root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

सर्पान् (sarpān) - to the serpents (to the serpents (masculine accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the speech.

तेन (tena) - by that (sorrow) (by that (masculine/neuter instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the `duḥkha`.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by that sorrow (by sorrow, by suffering (neuter instrumental singular))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

Note: The cause of Garuḍa's distress.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, afflicted (nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, afflicted, sorrowful

past passive participle

derived from root `duḥkh` (to suffer)

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Modifies `gaganecaraḥ`.