महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-18, verse-2

यं निशाम्य तदा कद्रूर्विनतामिदमब्रवीत् ।
उच्चैःश्रवा नु किंवर्णो भद्रे जानीहि माचिरम् ॥२॥

2. yaṁ niśāmya tadā kadrūrvinatāmidamabravīt ,
uccaiḥśravā nu kiṁvarṇo bhadre jānīhi māciram.

2. yam niśāmya tadā kadrūḥ vinatām idam abravīt
uccaiḥśravāḥ nu kimvarṇaḥ bhadre jānīhi mā ciram

2. Then, upon seeing that horse, Kadru said this to Vinata: "O good lady, what is the color of Ucchaiḥśravas? Please find out quickly, do not delay."

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (the horse) (whom, which (masculine))

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - upon seeing (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - Kadru (Kadru (mother of serpents))

• विनताम् (vinatām) - to Vinata (to Vinata (mother of Garuda))

• इदम् (idam) - this (word/statement) (this, this one (neuter))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he/she/it spoke, said)

• उच्चैःश्रवाः (uccaiḥśravāḥ) - Ucchaiḥśravas (the horse) (Ucchaiḥśravas (name of Indra's horse))

• नु (nu) - (interrogative particle) (indeed, now, then, particle of interrogation)

• किम्वर्णः (kimvarṇaḥ) - what color (what color, of what color)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O good lady (addressing Vinata) (O good lady, O gentle one)

• जानीहि (jānīhi) - find out (know, find out, ascertain)

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

• चिरम् (ciram) - delay (lit. 'for a long time', used with 'mā' to mean 'don't delay') (for a long time, long)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (the horse) (whom, which (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, object of 'niśāmya'.

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - upon seeing (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix 'ni-' + root 'śam' (to be tranquil, but in this form, to see/observe) + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive verb, indicating action preceding the main verb.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad'

Note: Temporal adverb.

कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - Kadru (Kadru (mother of serpents))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kadrū

kadrū - Kadru (mythological character, mother of Nagas)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

विनताम् (vinatām) - to Vinata (to Vinata (mother of Garuda))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vinatā

vinatā - Vinata (mythological character, mother of Garuda)

From 'vi-' + root 'nam' (to bow, bend) + suffix '-ta', feminine form

Prefix: vi

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - this (word/statement) (this, this one (neuter))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idad

idad - this, this one, that which is near

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he/she/it spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Luṅ) of brū

Imperfect, third person singular, active voice

Root 'brū' (class 2U), Imperfect tense (Luṅ-variant), third person singular, parasmaipada. Form is 'a-' (augment) + 'bravīt'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Past tense verb.

उच्चैःश्रवाः (uccaiḥśravāḥ) - Ucchaiḥśravas (the horse) (Ucchaiḥśravas (name of Indra's horse))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uccaiḥśravas

uccaiḥśravas - Ucchaiḥśravas (name of the celestial horse, born from the ocean churning)

Compound of 'uccaiḥ' (loudly, high) and 'śravas' (fame, sound). Meaning 'loudly neighing' or 'of great fame'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uccaiḥ+śravas)

• uccaiḥ – high, loud, elevated
  indeclinable
• śravas – fame, glory, sound, ear
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śru' (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नु (nu) - (interrogative particle) (indeed, now, then, particle of interrogation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle, here indicating a question.

किम्वर्णः (kimvarṇaḥ) - what color (what color, of what color)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kimvarṇa

kimvarṇa - of what color, what hue

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'varṇa' (color).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+varṇa)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, hue, form, class
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vṛ' (to cover, to choose)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for Ucchaiḥśravas.

भद्रे (bhadre) - O good lady (addressing Vinata) (O good lady, O gentle one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - good, auspicious, gentle, fair lady

Note: Term of address.

जानीहि (jānīhi) - find out (know, find out, ascertain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of jñā

Imperative, second person singular, active voice

Root 'jñā' (class 9P), Imperative (Loṭ), second person singular, parasmaipada

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Command.

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle.

चिरम् (ciram) - delay (lit. 'for a long time', used with 'mā' to mean 'don't delay') (for a long time, long)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.