महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-18, verse-10

सार्धं देवगणैः सर्वैर्वाचं तामन्वमोदत ।
बहुत्वं प्रेक्ष्य सर्पाणां प्रजानां हितकाम्यया ॥१०॥

10. sārdhaṁ devagaṇaiḥ sarvairvācaṁ tāmanvamodata ,
bahutvaṁ prekṣya sarpāṇāṁ prajānāṁ hitakāmyayā.

10. sārdham devagaṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ vācam tām anvamodata
bahutvam prekṣya sarpāṇām prajānām hitakāmyayā

10. Brahmā, along with all the hosts of gods, assented to that pronouncement (curse), having observed the great multitude of serpents and desiring the welfare of all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with the gods (together with, accompanied by)

• देवगणैः (devagaṇaiḥ) - accompanied by the divine hosts (by hosts of gods, by groups of deities)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all the hosts of gods (by all)

• वाचम् (vācam) - the curse, the pronouncement (speech, word, voice)

• ताम् (tām) - refers to the curse (vācam) (that (feminine))

• अन्वमोदत (anvamodata) - Brahmā approved the curse (approved, consented, agreed)

• बहुत्वम् (bahutvam) - the great number of serpents (multitude, abundance, plurality)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after observing the vast number of serpents (having seen, having observed, considering)

• सर्पाणाम् (sarpāṇām) - the serpents, the Nāgas (of serpents)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of all beings/creatures (of creatures, of subjects, of progeny)

• हितकाम्यया (hitakāmyayā) - motivated by the desire for the welfare of beings (with the desire for welfare, for the sake of well-being)

Words meanings and morphology

सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with the gods (together with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

From sa (with) + ardha (half, part) -> 'with part' -> 'together'.

देवगणैः (devagaṇaiḥ) - accompanied by the divine hosts (by hosts of gods, by groups of deities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - host of gods, multitude of deities

Compound deva + gaṇa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with sārdham.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all the hosts of gods (by all)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with devagaṇaiḥ.

वाचम् (vācam) - the curse, the pronouncement (speech, word, voice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language, Sarasvatī

From root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of anvamodata.

ताम् (tām) - refers to the curse (vācam) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Agrees with vācam.

अन्वमोदत (anvamodata) - Brahmā approved the curse (approved, consented, agreed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of anumod

From root mud with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Subject is pitāmahaḥ (Brahmā) from previous verse.

बहुत्वम् (bahutvam) - the great number of serpents (multitude, abundance, plurality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahutva

bahutva - multitude, abundance, plurality, state of being numerous

From bahu + tva suffix.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - after observing the vast number of serpents (having seen, having observed, considering)

(indeclinable participle)

सर्पाणाम् (sarpāṇām) - the serpents, the Nāgas (of serpents)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake, Nāga

agent noun

from root sṛp (to creep)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Governed by bahutvam.

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of all beings/creatures (of creatures, of subjects, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - creatures, progeny, offspring, people, subjects

action noun

From root jan with prefix pra.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Governed by hitakāmyayā.

हितकाम्यया (hitakāmyayā) - motivated by the desire for the welfare of beings (with the desire for welfare, for the sake of well-being)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hitakāmyā

hitakāmyā - desire for welfare, wish for good

action noun

From hita + kāmyā (desire).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hita+kāmyā)

• hita – beneficial, salutary, good, welfare
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kāmyā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  from root kam
  Root: kam (class 1)