महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-18, verse-11

तिग्मवीर्यविषा ह्येते दन्दशूका महाबलाः ।
तेषां तीक्ष्णविषत्वाद्धि प्रजानां च हिताय वै ।
प्रादाद्विषहणीं विद्यां काश्यपाय महात्मने ॥११॥

11. tigmavīryaviṣā hyete dandaśūkā mahābalāḥ ,
teṣāṁ tīkṣṇaviṣatvāddhi prajānāṁ ca hitāya vai ,
prādādviṣahaṇīṁ vidyāṁ kāśyapāya mahātmane.

11. tigmavīryaviṣāḥ hi ete dandaśūkāḥ
mahābalāḥ teṣām tīkṣṇaviṣatvāt hi
prajānām ca hitāya vai prādāt
viṣahaṇīm vidyām kāśyapāya mahātmane

11. Indeed, these serpents possess fierce potency and venom, and are exceedingly strong. Therefore, for the welfare of all beings, and precisely because of their potent poison, he certainly bestowed the knowledge for neutralizing poison upon the great-souled Kaśyapa.

Words meanings summery:

• तिग्मवीर्यविषाः (tigmavīryaviṣāḥ) - describing the dangerous nature of the serpents (having fierce power and venom)

• हि (hi) - adds emphasis, confirms (for, indeed, because)

• एते (ete) - refers to the serpents (these (masculine plural))

• दन्दशूकाः (dandaśūkāḥ) - refers to the Nāgas (Kadru's children) (serpents, venomous creatures)

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - describing the physical strength of the serpents (very strong, exceedingly powerful)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the serpents (dandaśūkāḥ) (of them, their)

• तीक्ष्णविषत्वात् (tīkṣṇaviṣatvāt) - because their venom is extremely potent (due to the state of having sharp/potent venom, from having sharp venom)

• हि (hi) - adds emphasis, confirms (for, indeed, because)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of all beings/creatures (of creatures, of subjects, of progeny)

• च (ca) - connecting two reasons for Brahmā's action (and)

• हिताय (hitāya) - for the well-being of all creatures (for the welfare, for the benefit)

• वै (vai) - emphatic particle (certainly, indeed, verily)

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - Brahmā gave the knowledge (gave, bestowed)

• विषहणीम् (viṣahaṇīm) - the knowledge that counteracts venom (removing poison, neutralizing poison)

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - a specific magical or divine knowledge for healing (knowledge, science, lore)

• काश्यपाय (kāśyapāya) - the recipient of the poison-removing knowledge (to Kaśyapa (a sage))

• महात्मने (mahātmane) - to the venerable sage Kaśyapa (to the great-souled one, to the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

तिग्मवीर्यविषाः (tigmavīryaviṣāḥ) - describing the dangerous nature of the serpents (having fierce power and venom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tigmavīryaviṣa

tigmavīryaviṣa - having sharp/fierce potency and poison

Bahuvrīhi compound tigma (sharp/fierce) + vīrya (potency/energy) + viṣa (poison).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tigma+vīrya+viṣa)

• tigma – sharp, keen, fierce, hot
  adjective
• vīrya – potency, strength, energy, valor
  noun (neuter)
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

हि (hi) - adds emphasis, confirms (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - refers to the serpents (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Subject.

दन्दशूकाः (dandaśūkāḥ) - refers to the Nāgas (Kadru's children) (serpents, venomous creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dandaśūka

dandaśūka - serpent, venomous creature, repeatedly biting

agent noun

From reduplicated root daṃś (to bite).

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - describing the physical strength of the serpents (very strong, exceedingly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, powerful

Compound mahā + bala.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the serpents (dandaśūkāḥ) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

Note: Connects to tīkṣṇaviṣatvāt.

तीक्ष्णविषत्वात् (tīkṣṇaviṣatvāt) - because their venom is extremely potent (due to the state of having sharp/potent venom, from having sharp venom)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tīkṣṇaviṣatva

tīkṣṇaviṣatva - the state of having sharp/potent venom

Compound tīkṣṇa + viṣa + tva suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīkṣṇa+viṣa+tva)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, potent, virulent
  adjective
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)
• tva – state of being, -ness
  suffix (neuter)

हि (hi) - adds emphasis, confirms (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of all beings/creatures (of creatures, of subjects, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - creatures, progeny, offspring, people, subjects

action noun

From root jan with prefix pra.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Governed by hitāya.

च (ca) - connecting two reasons for Brahmā's action (and)

(indeclinable)

हिताय (hitāya) - for the well-being of all creatures (for the welfare, for the benefit)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - welfare, benefit, good; beneficial, salutary

past passive participle

from root dhā (to place, do)

Root: dhā (class 3)

वै (vai) - emphatic particle (certainly, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

प्रादात् (prādāt) - Brahmā gave the knowledge (gave, bestowed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (Luṅ) of pradā

From root dā with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject is pitāmahaḥ (Brahmā).

विषहणीम् (viṣahaṇīm) - the knowledge that counteracts venom (removing poison, neutralizing poison)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viṣahaṇī

viṣahaṇī - antidote, means of removing poison, neutralizing venom

agent noun / quality

Compound viṣa + haṇī (destroying/removing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣa+haṇī)

• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)
• haṇī – destroying, killing, removing (feminine form of haṇin)
  noun/adjective (feminine)
  agent noun
  from root han
  Root: han (class 2)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - a specific magical or divine knowledge for healing (knowledge, science, lore)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, lore, magical spell

action noun

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

काश्यपाय (kāśyapāya) - the recipient of the poison-removing knowledge (to Kaśyapa (a sage))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - descendant of Kaśyapa, name of a sage (Kaśyapa)

Patronymic from kaśyapa.

महात्मने (mahātmane) - to the venerable sage Kaśyapa (to the great-souled one, to the noble one)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious, highly endowed

Compound mahā + ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, noble
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit
  noun (masculine)