महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-156, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु कौन्तेयाः शल्यविद्धा इवाभवन् ।
सर्वे चास्वस्थमनसो बभूवुस्ते महारथाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā tu kaunteyāḥ śalyaviddhā ivābhavan ,
sarve cāsvasthamanaso babhūvuste mahārathāḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā tu kaunteyāḥ śalyaviddhāḥ
iva abhavan sarve ca asvasthamanasaḥ babhūvuḥ te mahārathāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Indeed, having heard this, the Kuntī's sons became as if pierced by arrows. All those great charioteers became disturbed in mind.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - the sons of Kuntī, Pāṇḍavas

• शल्यविद्धाः (śalyaviddhāḥ) - pierced by darts, struck by arrows

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• च (ca) - and

• अस्वस्थमनसः (asvasthamanasaḥ) - uneasy in mind, disturbed in mind, mentally unwell

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• ते (te) - they, those

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed with suffix -tvā from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - the sons of Kuntī, Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī (referring to the Pāṇḍavas)

शल्यविद्धाः (śalyaviddhāḥ) - pierced by darts, struck by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śalyaviddha

śalyaviddha - pierced by a dart/arrow, wounded by a missile

Past Passive Participle

Compound of śalya and viddha (ppp of vidh)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śalya+viddha)

• śalya – dart, arrow, spear, thorn
  noun (neuter)
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root vidh, suffix -dha
  Root: vidh (class 6)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्वस्थमनसः (asvasthamanasaḥ) - uneasy in mind, disturbed in mind, mentally unwell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asvasthamanas

asvasthamanas - uneasy in mind, disturbed in mind, mentally unwell, restless-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+svastha+manas)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• svastha – healthy, comfortable, at ease, self-reliant
  adjective (masculine)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)