महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-15, verse-4

शौनक उवाच ।
कथं तदमृतं देवैर्मथितं क्व च शंस मे ।
यत्र जज्ञे महावीर्यः सोऽश्वराजो महाद्युतिः ॥४॥

4. śaunaka uvāca ,
kathaṁ tadamṛtaṁ devairmathitaṁ kva ca śaṁsa me ,
yatra jajñe mahāvīryaḥ so'śvarājo mahādyutiḥ.

4. śaunaka uvāca katham tat amṛtam devaiḥ mathitam kva ca
śaṃsa me yatra jajñe mahāvīryaḥ saḥ aśvarājaḥ mahādyutiḥ

4. Shaunaka said, "Tell me, how was that nectar churned by the gods, and where was that mighty, splendid king of horses born?"

Words meanings summery:

• शौनक (śaunaka) - Shaunaka (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• तत् (tat) - that

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• मथितम् (mathitam) - churned

• क्व (kva) - where

• च (ca) - and, also

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - mighty (of great prowess/valor)

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अश्वराजः (aśvarājaḥ) - king of horses

• महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - splendid (of great splendor/lustre)

Words meanings and morphology

शौनक (śaunaka) - Shaunaka (name)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - Shaunaka (a sage's name)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'amṛtam'.

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - nectar, immortality

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'mathitam'.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'mathitam'.

मथितम् (mathitam) - churned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mathita

mathita - churned, agitated

past passive participle

kta suffix from √math (to churn)

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'amṛtam'.

क्व (kva) - where

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Alternatively genitive. Here dative for "tell me".

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

Note: Relative adverb.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - mighty (of great prowess/valor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great energy, mighty, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• vīrya – prowess, valor, energy, strength
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvarājaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'aśvarājaḥ'.

अश्वराजः (aśvarājaḥ) - king of horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvarāja

aśvarāja - king of horses, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+rājan)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.

महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - splendid (of great splendor/lustre)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor, very brilliant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – lustre, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvarājaḥ'.