वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-7, verse-6

तन्नक्रमकराकीर्णं तिमिंगिलझषाकुलम् ।
वायुवेगसमाधूतं पन्नगैरिव सागरम् ॥६॥

6. tannakramakarākīrṇaṃ timiṃgilajhaṣākulam ,
vāyuvegasamādhūtaṃ pannagairiva sāgaram.

6. tat nakramakarākīrṇam timingilajhaṣākulam
vāyuvegasamādhūtam pannagaiḥ iva sāgaram

6. tat nakramakarākīrṇam timingilajhaṣākulam
vāyuvegasamādhūtam sāgaram iva pannagaiḥ

6. That (city or palace) was like an ocean, teeming with crocodiles and makaras, agitated by great whales and fish, and disturbed by the force of wind, as an ocean is by its serpents.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (city or palace) (that, it)

• नक्रमकराकीर्णम् (nakramakarākīrṇam) - filled with (creatures resembling) crocodiles and makaras (filled with crocodiles and makaras)

• तिमिन्गिलझषाकुलम् (timingilajhaṣākulam) - agitated/disturbed by (creatures resembling) great whales and fish (agitated/disturbed by timingilas (whales) and fish)

• वायुवेगसमाधूतम् (vāyuvegasamādhūtam) - shaken by the powerful gusts of wind (shaken by the force of wind)

• पन्नगैः (pannagaiḥ) - by (its) serpents (referring to the ocean) (by serpents)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean (ocean, sea)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (city or palace) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter. Contextually, it refers to the city/palace being described, functioning as the subject of an implied 'was like'.

नक्रमकराकीर्णम् (nakramakarākīrṇam) - filled with (creatures resembling) crocodiles and makaras (filled with crocodiles and makaras)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of nakramakarākīrṇa

nakramakarākīrṇa - filled/teeming with crocodiles and makaras

Past Passive Participle

Derived from Ā-KĪRṆA (filled/scattered) prefixed with NAKRAMAKARA

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nakra+makara+ākīrṇa)

• nakra – crocodile
  noun (masculine)
• makara – sea-monster, crocodile, mythical creature
  noun (masculine)
• ākīrṇa – filled, covered, scattered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kīr (to scatter) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'tat' (that city/palace) and 'sāgaram' (ocean).

तिमिन्गिलझषाकुलम् (timingilajhaṣākulam) - agitated/disturbed by (creatures resembling) great whales and fish (agitated/disturbed by timingilas (whales) and fish)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of timingilajhaṣākula

timingilajhaṣākula - agitated by timingilas and fish

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (timingila+jhaṣa+ākula)

• timingila – a large mythical fish, whale
  noun (masculine)
• jhaṣa – fish
  noun (masculine)
• ākula – agitated, disturbed, confused
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Agrees with 'tat' (that city/palace) and 'sāgaram' (ocean).

वायुवेगसमाधूतम् (vāyuvegasamādhūtam) - shaken by the powerful gusts of wind (shaken by the force of wind)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vāyuvegasamādhūta

vāyuvegasamādhūta - shaken by the force of wind

Past Passive Participle

from root DHŪ (to shake) with prefixes sam-ā- (or compound with samādhūta)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyuvega+samādhūta)

• vāyuvega – force of wind, speed of wind
  noun (masculine)
• samādhūta – well-shaken, agitated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Particple
  from root DHŪ (to shake) with prefixes sam-ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'tat' (that city/palace) and 'sāgaram' (ocean).

पन्नगैः (pannagaiḥ) - by (its) serpents (referring to the ocean) (by serpents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'moving on its belly')

Note: Used with 'iva' (like) to indicate the comparison element for 'sāgaram'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

from sagara (mythological king) + aṇ pratyaya, or sa-gara (with poison)

Note: Accusative singular. The city/palace is *like* an ocean. It could also be nominative neuter, depending on the implicit verb and gender context.

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