वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-7, verse-28

प्रध्यायत इवापश्यत् प्रदीपांस्तत्र काञ्चनान् ।
धूर्तानिव महाधूर्तैर्देवनेन पराजितान् ॥२८॥

28. pradhyāyata ivāpaśyat pradīpāṃstatra kāñcanān ,
dhūrtāniva mahādhūrtairdevanena parājitān.

28. pradhyāyata iva apaśyat pradīpān tatra kāñcanān
| dhūrtān iva mahādhūrtaiḥ devanena parājitān

28. As if in deep contemplation, he (Hanumān) observed there golden lamps, which appeared like gamblers defeated in a game of chance by more skilled gamblers.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रध्यायत (pradhyāyata) - (Hanumān) as if deeply contemplating (meditating, contemplating deeply)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he beheld

• प्रदीपान् (pradīpān) - lamps, lights

• तत्र (tatra) - (in Lankā/Rāvaṇa's palace) (there, in that place)

• काञ्चनान् (kāñcanān) - golden, made of gold

• धूर्तान् (dhūrtān) - gamblers who are losing (rogues, gamblers, cheats)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• महाधूर्तैः (mahādhūrtaiḥ) - by more skilled gamblers (by great rogues, by master gamblers)

• देवनेन (devanena) - in a game of chance (by gambling, by playing dice)

• पराजितान् (parājitān) - defeated, conquered

Words meanings and morphology

प्रध्यायत (pradhyāyata) - (Hanumān) as if deeply contemplating (meditating, contemplating deeply)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhyāya

pradhyāya - to meditate, contemplate, reflect

Present Middle Participle

From root dhyai (to meditate) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: dhyai (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense

From root dṛś (to see), paśya stem

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied Hanumān.

प्रदीपान् (pradīpān) - lamps, lights

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pradīpa

pradīpa - lamp, light, lantern

From pra + root dīp (to shine)

Prefix: pra

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

तत्र (tatra) - (in Lankā/Rāvaṇa's palace) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + suffix tra (locative)

काञ्चनान् (kāñcanān) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāñcana

kāñcana - golden, made of gold; gold

From kañcana (gold) + suffix a

Note: Agrees with pradīpān.

धूर्तान् (dhūrtān) - gamblers who are losing (rogues, gamblers, cheats)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhūrta

dhūrta - rogue, cheat, gambler, deceitful

From root dhūrv (to injure, cheat)

Root: dhūrv (class 10)

Note: Refers to pradīpān in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

महाधूर्तैः (mahādhūrtaiḥ) - by more skilled gamblers (by great rogues, by master gamblers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahādhūrta

mahādhūrta - great rogue, master gambler

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+dhūrta)

• mahā – great, large, powerful
  adjective
  shortened form of mahat
• dhūrta – rogue, cheat, gambler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhūrv (class 10)

Note: Agent of parājitān.

देवनेन (devanena) - in a game of chance (by gambling, by playing dice)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of devana

devana - gambling, playing with dice

From root div (to play, throw dice) + suffix ana

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Means or instrument of defeat.

पराजितान् (parājitān) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with prefix parā

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dhūrtān.

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