वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-29, verse-8

तेन तत्र महारण्ये मृगयां परिधावता ।
जनस्थानवधं श्रुत्वा हतौ च खरदूषणौ ।
ततस्त्वमर्षापहृता जानकी रावणेन तु ॥८॥

8. tena tatra mahāraṇye mṛgayāṃ paridhāvatā ,
janasthānavadhaṃ śrutvā hatau ca kharadūṣaṇau ,
tatastvamarṣāpahṛtā jānakī rāvaṇena tu.

8. tena tatra mahāraṇye mṛgayām
paridhāvatā janasthānavadham śrutvā
hatau ca kharadūṣaṇau tataḥ tvam
amarṣa apahṛtā jānakī rāvaṇena tu

8. tena mahāraṇye tatra mṛgayām paridhāvatā [sati] janasthānavadham śrutvā kharadūṣaṇau ca hatau [iti śrutvā],
tataḥ tvam jānakī rāvaṇena amarṣāt apahṛtā tu

8. While he (Rāma) was roaming for game in that great forest, and after he heard of the slaughter in Janasthāna and that Khara and Dūṣaṇa had been killed, then you, Janaki, were carried off by Rāvaṇa, driven by his indignation.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by Rāma (by him)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (great forest) (there, in that place)

• महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the Dandakaranya forest (in the great forest)

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, for the hunt, game

• परिधावता (paridhāvatā) - by Rāma, while pursuing game (by one running around, by one pursuing (game))

• जनस्थानवधम् (janasthānavadham) - the killing of demons in Janasthāna (by Rāma) (the killing/slaughter in Janasthāna)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• हतौ (hatau) - (Khara and Dūṣaṇa) were killed ((the two) killed, slain)

• च (ca) - and

• खरदूषणौ (kharadūṣaṇau) - the two demon brothers Khara and Dūṣaṇa (Khara and Dūṣaṇa)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• त्वम् (tvam) - you, Janaki (Sītā) (you (singular))

• अमर्ष (amarṣa) - by (Rāvaṇa's) anger/indignation (indignation, anger, intolerance)

• अपहृता (apahṛtā) - carried off, abducted

• जानकी (jānakī) - Janaki (Sītā)

• रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by Rāma (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

तत्र (tatra) - in that (great forest) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the great forest.

महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the Dandakaranya forest (in the great forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - great forest, dense forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+araṇya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Dandakaranya.

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, for the hunt, game

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, the chase

Root: mṛg (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paridhāvatā'.

परिधावता (paridhāvatā) - by Rāma, while pursuing game (by one running around, by one pursuing (game))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paridhāvat

paridhāvat - running around, pursuing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhāv (to run) with prefix pari- and suffix -ṣatṛ.

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tena'.

जनस्थानवधम् (janasthānavadham) - the killing of demons in Janasthāna (by Rāma) (the killing/slaughter in Janasthāna)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janasthānavadha

janasthānavadha - slaughter in Janasthāna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janasthāna+vadha)

• janasthāna – abode of people, a specific region in Dandakaranya
  proper noun (neuter)
• vadha – killing, slaying, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

हतौ (hatau) - (Khara and Dūṣaṇa) were killed ((the two) killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kharadūṣaṇau'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

खरदूषणौ (kharadūṣaṇau) - the two demon brothers Khara and Dūṣaṇa (Khara and Dūṣaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kharadūṣaṇa

kharadūṣaṇa - Khara and Dūṣaṇa (two Rākṣasas)

Compound type : dvandva (khara+dūṣaṇa)

• khara – a donkey, harsh, a demon name
  proper noun (masculine)
• dūṣaṇa – defiling, polluting, a demon name
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two demon brothers killed by Rāma.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you, Janaki (Sītā) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, dual, plural)

Note: Direct address to Sītā.

अमर्ष (amarṣa) - by (Rāvaṇa's) anger/indignation (indignation, anger, intolerance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣa

amarṣa - anger, indignation, intolerance

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Part of a compound 'amarṣāpahṛtā'.

अपहृता (apahṛtā) - carried off, abducted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - carried away, stolen, abducted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix apa- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jānakī'.

जानकी (jānakī) - Janaki (Sītā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jānakī

jānakī - daughter of Janaka, Sītā

रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (demon king of Lankā)

Note: Agent of 'apahṛtā'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

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