वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-29, verse-12

सा तिर्यगूर्ध्वं च तथाप्यधस्तान्निरीक्षमाणा तमचिन्त्य बुद्धिम् ।
ददर्श पिङ्गाधिपतेरमात्यं वातात्मजं सूर्यमिवोदयस्थम् ॥१२॥

12. sā tiryagūrdhvaṃ ca tathāpyadhastānnirīkṣamāṇā tamacintya buddhim ,
dadarśa piṅgādhipateramātyaṃ vātātmajaṃ sūryamivodayastham.

12. sā tiryāk ūrdhvam ca tathā api
adhastāt nirīkṣamāṇā tam acintya
buddhim dadarśa piṅgādhipateḥ amātyam
vātātmajam sūryam iva udayastham

12. sā nirīkṣamāṇā tiryāk ūrdhvam ca tathā api adhastāt,
tam acintya buddhim piṅgādhipateḥ amātyam vātātmajam udayastham sūryam iva dadarśa

12. She, looking sideways, upwards, and then even downwards, saw him – the minister of the lord of the monkeys and the son of (Vāyu) – who possessed an inconceivable intellect, shining like the rising sun.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she (she, that (feminine))

• तिर्याक् (tiryāk) - sideways (sideways, across, obliquely)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (upwards, above)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

• अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - downwards (downwards, below)

• निरीक्षमाणा (nirīkṣamāṇā) - looking (looking, observing)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that (masculine))

• अचिन्त्य बुद्धिम् (acintya buddhim) - who possessed an inconceivable intellect (of inconceivable intellect)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - she saw

• पिङ्गाधिपतेः (piṅgādhipateḥ) - of the lord of the monkeys (Sugrīva) (of the lord of the tawny ones/monkeys)

• अमात्यम् (amātyam) - the minister (minister, companion)

• वातात्मजम् (vātātmajam) - the son of (Vāyu) (son of Vāyu (the wind god))

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• उदयस्थम् (udayastham) - rising (standing at rising, rising)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

तिर्याक् (tiryāk) - sideways (sideways, across, obliquely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of tiryac

Note: Adverb modifying 'nirīkṣamāṇā'.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (upwards, above)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form (accusative singular neuter used as adverb)

Note: Adverb modifying 'nirīkṣamāṇā'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - downwards (downwards, below)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with suffix -tāt

Note: Adverb modifying 'nirīkṣamāṇā'.

निरीक्षमाणा (nirīkṣamāṇā) - looking (looking, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirīkṣamāṇa

nirīkṣamāṇa - looking, seeing, observing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From nira-īkṣ (to look at, observe). Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

अचिन्त्य बुद्धिम् (acintya buddhim) - who possessed an inconceivable intellect (of inconceivable intellect)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acintyabuddhi

acintyabuddhi - of inconceivable intellect, whose wisdom is unimaginable

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cintya+buddhi)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cintya – to be thought, conceivable, imaginable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (NVA)
  From root cit (to perceive, think) with suffix -ya.
  Root: cit (class 10)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom, mind
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'tam' (Hanumān).

ददर्श (dadarśa) - she saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated past tense. Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पिङ्गाधिपतेः (piṅgādhipateḥ) - of the lord of the monkeys (Sugrīva) (of the lord of the tawny ones/monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of piṅgādhipati

piṅgādhipati - chief of the tawny ones (monkeys), Sugrīva

Tatpuruṣa Compound: piṅga (tawny) + adhipati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (piṅga+adhipati)

• piṅga – tawny, reddish-brown (referring to monkeys)
  adjective (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'amātyam'.

अमात्यम् (amātyam) - the minister (minister, companion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amātya

amātya - minister, companion, intimate

From 'amā' (at home, together with).

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

वातात्मजम् (vātātmajam) - the son of (Vāyu) (son of Vāyu (the wind god))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vātātmaja

vātātmaja - son of Vāyu (epithet of Hanumān)

Tatpuruṣa compound: vāta (wind) + ātmaja (born from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+ātmaja)

• vāta – wind, air; (Vāyu: wind god)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• ātmaja – born from oneself, son, daughter
  noun (masculine)
  Compound ātman + ja.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Epithet for Hanumān, object of 'dadarśa'.

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

उदयस्थम् (udayastham) - rising (standing at rising, rising)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udayastha

udayastha - standing at sunrise, rising, situated on the rising mountain

Tatpuruṣa compound: udaya (rising) + stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udaya+stha)

• udaya – rising, dawn, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-i (to rise).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix forming compound adjectives
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

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