वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-29, verse-2

राजा दशरथो नाम रथकुञ्जरवाजिनाम् ।
पुण्यशीलो महाकीर्तिरृजुरासीन्महायशाः ।
चक्रवर्तिकुले जातः पुरंदरसमो बले ॥२॥

2. rājā daśaratho nāma rathakuñjaravājinām ,
puṇyaśīlo mahākīrtirṛjurāsīnmahāyaśāḥ ,
cakravartikule jātaḥ puraṃdarasamo bale.

2. rājā daśarathaḥ nāma
rathakuñjaravājinām puṇyaśīlaḥ mahākīrtiḥ
ṛjuḥ āsīt mahāyaśāḥ cakravartikule
jātaḥ purandarasamaḥ bale

2. nāma daśarathaḥ rājā āsīt (saḥ) rathakuñjaravājinām (īśaḥ),
puṇyaśīlaḥ,
mahākīrtiḥ,
ṛjuḥ,
mahāyaśāḥ (ca āsīt) cakravartikule jātaḥ (saḥ) bale purandarasamaḥ (āsīt)

2. There was a king named Daśaratha, who commanded chariots, elephants, and horses. He was a man of virtuous character (puṇyaśīla), of great fame (mahākīrti), upright, and immensely glorious (mahāyaśas). Born in an imperial (cakravartin) lineage, he was equal to Indra (Purandara) in strength.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (name of a king)

• नाम (nāma) - named (Daśaratha) (name, by name, named)

• रथकुञ्जरवाजिनाम् (rathakuñjaravājinām) - (a king) who commands/possesses chariots, elephants, and horses (of chariots, elephants, and horses)

• पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - virtuous, of good conduct/character

• महाकीर्तिः (mahākīrtiḥ) - of great fame/renown

• ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - upright, honest, straight

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great glory, very famous

• चक्रवर्तिकुले (cakravartikule) - in the family/lineage of an emperor

• जातः (jātaḥ) - (he was) born (born, produced)

• पुरन्दरसमः (purandarasamaḥ) - equal to Indra in might (equal to Purandara (Indra))

• बले (bale) - in strength, in might

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Subject of `āsīt`.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of a king)

Note: Apposition to `rājā`.

नाम (nāma) - named (Daśaratha) (name, by name, named)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used after a proper noun to mean 'named'.

रथकुञ्जरवाजिनाम् (rathakuñjaravājinām) - (a king) who commands/possesses chariots, elephants, and horses (of chariots, elephants, and horses)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathakuñjaravājin

rathakuñjaravājin - chariots, elephants, and horses (collectively)

Dvanda compound of ratha (chariot), kuñjara (elephant), and vājin (horse)

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+kuñjara+vājin)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• kuñjara – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, swift
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, 'of whom chariots, elephants, and horses belong' or 'lord of'.

पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - virtuous, of good conduct/character

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśīla

puṇyaśīla - of virtuous character, good-natured

Bahuvrīhi compound of puṇya (merit, virtue) and śīla (character, conduct)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+śīla)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, righteousness
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – character, conduct, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

महाकीर्तिः (mahākīrtiḥ) - of great fame/renown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākīrti

mahākīrti - of great fame, glorious

Bahuvrīhi compound of mahā (great) and kīrti (fame)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+kīrti)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - upright, honest, straight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, upright, simple

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect 3rd person singular of root as (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great glory, very famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - of great glory, very famous

Bahuvrīhi compound of mahā (great) and yaśas (glory)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• yaśas – glory, fame, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

चक्रवर्तिकुले (cakravartikule) - in the family/lineage of an emperor

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of cakravartikula

cakravartikula - family of an emperor

Tatpuruṣa compound of cakravartin (emperor) and kula (family)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cakravartin+kula)

• cakravartin – emperor, universal monarch
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where he was born.

जातः (jātaḥ) - (he was) born (born, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (class 4)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

पुरन्दरसमः (purandarasamaḥ) - equal to Indra in might (equal to Purandara (Indra))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandarasama

purandarasama - equal to Purandara (Indra)

Tatpuruṣa compound of Purandara (Indra) and sama (equal)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (purandara+sama)

• purandara – Indra (destroyer of cities)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

बले (bale) - in strength, in might

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force

Note: Specifies the aspect in which he was equal.