वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-59, verse-11

सा कोसलेन्द्रदुहिता वेष्टमाना महीतले ।
न बभ्राज रजोध्वस्ता तारेव गगनच्युता ॥११॥

11. sā kosalendraduhitā veṣṭamānā mahītale ,
na babhrāja rajodhvastā tāreva gaganacyutā.

11. sā kosalendra-duhitā veṣṭamānā mahītale na
babhrāja rajaḥ-dhvastā tārā iva gagana-cyutā

11. sā kosalendra-duhitā mahītale veṣṭamānā rajaḥ-dhvastā na babhrāja,
gagana-cyutā tārā iva

11. That daughter of the lord of Kosala, rolling on the ground and covered in dust, did not shine, just like a star fallen from the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - Kaushalya or Sumitra, implied referring to Kaushalya from the earlier narrative. (she, that)

• कोसलेन्द्र-दुहिता (kosalendra-duhitā) - Kaushalya, daughter of the king of Kosala (daughter of the lord of Kosala)

• वेष्टमाना (veṣṭamānā) - rolling, writhing, being covered

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

• न (na) - not, no

• बभ्राज (babhrāja) - she shone, it shone

• रजः-ध्वस्ता (rajaḥ-dhvastā) - covered with dust, soiled by dust

• तारा (tārā) - star

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• गगन-च्युता (gagana-cyutā) - fallen from the sky

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - Kaushalya or Sumitra, implied referring to Kaushalya from the earlier narrative. (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

कोसलेन्द्र-दुहिता (kosalendra-duhitā) - Kaushalya, daughter of the king of Kosala (daughter of the lord of Kosala)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kosalendra-duhitṛ

kosalendra-duhitṛ - daughter of the lord of Kosala

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (kosala+indra+duhitṛ)

• kosala – name of an ancient kingdom in India
  proper noun (neuter)
• indra – lord, chief, ruler; Indra (a deity)
  noun (masculine)
• duhitṛ – daughter
  noun (feminine)

वेष्टमाना (veṣṭamānā) - rolling, writhing, being covered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of veṣṭamāna

veṣṭamāna - rolling, writhing, revolving; being covered or wrapped

present participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root veṣṭ with present participle suffix -māna

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बभ्राज (babhrāja) - she shone, it shone

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhrāj

perfect tense, 3rd person, singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root bhrāj

Root: bhrāj (class 1)

रजः-ध्वस्ता (rajaḥ-dhvastā) - covered with dust, soiled by dust

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajas-dhvasta

rajas-dhvasta - covered/obscured by dust

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (rajas+dhvasta)

• rajas – dust, dirt; passion, impurity
  noun (neuter)
• dhvasta – destroyed, ruined, covered, obscured
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root dhvaṃs
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

तारा (tārā) - star

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tārā

tārā - star, planet; pupil of the eye

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

गगन-च्युता (gagana-cyutā) - fallen from the sky

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gagana-cyuta

gagana-cyuta - fallen from the sky

Compound type : ablative tatpuruṣa (gagana+cyuta)

• gagana – sky, firmament, atmosphere
  noun (neuter)
• cyuta – fallen, dropped, deviated
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root cyu
  Root: cyu (class 1)

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