वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-59, verse-5

अथ याः कोसलेन्द्रस्य शयनं प्रत्यनन्तराः ।
ताः स्त्रियस्तु समागम्य भर्तारं प्रत्यबोधयन् ॥५॥

5. atha yāḥ kosalendrasya śayanaṃ pratyanantarāḥ ,
tāḥ striyastu samāgamya bhartāraṃ pratyabodhayan.

5. atha yāḥ kousalendrasya śayanam prati anantarāḥ
tāḥ striyaḥ tu samāgamya bhartāram pratyabodhayan

5. atha yāḥ kousalendrasya śayanam prati anantarāḥ
tāḥ striyaḥ tu samāgamya bhartāram pratyabodhayan

5. Then, those women who were in immediate attendance near the King of Kosala's sleeping quarters approached him and awakened their lord.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, therefore)

• याः (yāḥ) - those who (who, which, those who)

• कोउसलेन्द्रस्य (kousalendrasya) - of the King of Kosala

• शयनम् (śayanam) - sleeping quarters (bed, couch, sleeping)

• प्रति (prati) - near (towards, against, near, concerning)

• अनन्तराः (anantarāḥ) - in immediate attendance (immediately following, contiguous, neighboring, very near)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• समागम्य (samāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having met, having come together)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - their lord (husband, lord, master, supporter)

• प्रत्यबोधयन् (pratyabodhayan) - awakened (they awoke, they informed, they roused)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, therefore)

(indeclinable)

याः (yāḥ) - those who (who, which, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to striyaḥ.

कोउसलेन्द्रस्य (kousalendrasya) - of the King of Kosala

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kousalendra

kousalendra - king of Kosala, lord of Kosala

Tatpuruṣa compound: kousala (Kosala, name of a kingdom) + indra (lord, chief, king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kousala+indra)

• kousala – Kosala (ancient kingdom)
  proper noun (neuter)
• indra – lord, chief, ruler, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive case modifying śayanam (indirectly).

शयनम् (śayanam) - sleeping quarters (bed, couch, sleeping)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, sleeping, lying down, sleeping chamber

verbal noun

from root śī (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Governed by prati.

प्रति (prati) - near (towards, against, near, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix

अनन्तराः (anantarāḥ) - in immediate attendance (immediately following, contiguous, neighboring, very near)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anantarā

anantara - immediately following, contiguous, adjacent, close, without interval

Negative compound: a (not) + antara (interval)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+antara)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• antara – interval, space between, inside, near
  noun (neuter)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to yāḥ.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Subject.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

समागम्य (samāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having met, having come together)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from sam-ā-gam (to come together, approach) with lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - their lord (husband, lord, master, supporter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, lord, master, supporter, maintainer

agent noun

from root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Direct object of pratyabodhayan.

प्रत्यबोधयन् (pratyabodhayan) - awakened (they awoke, they informed, they roused)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pratibudh

Causative Imperfect (laṅ) 3rd person plural

From root budh (to awaken, know) with prefix prati, in causative form (bodhayati).

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)