वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-59, verse-14

अतीतमाज्ञाय तु पार्थिवर्षभं यशस्विनं संपरिवार्य पत्नयः ।
भृशं रुदन्त्यः करुणं सुदुःखिताः प्रगृह्य बाहू व्यलपन्ननाथवत् ॥१४॥

14. atītamājñāya tu pārthivarṣabhaṃ yaśasvinaṃ saṃparivārya patnayaḥ ,
bhṛśaṃ rudantyaḥ karuṇaṃ suduḥkhitāḥ pragṛhya bāhū vyalapannanāthavat.

14. atītam ājñāya tu pārthivarṣabham
yaśasvinam saṃparivārya patnayaḥ
bhṛśam rudantyaḥ karuṇam suduḥkhitāḥ
pragṛhya bāhū vyalapan anāthavat

14. patnayaḥ tu atītam yaśasvinam
pārthivarṣabham ājñāya saṃparivārya
bhṛśam karuṇam suduḥkhitāḥ rudantyaḥ
bāhū pragṛhya anāthavat vyalapan

14. Seeing their glorious, best-of-kings husband deceased, his wives, surrounding him, wept profusely and piteously. Extremely distressed, they grasped his arms and wailed helplessly, as if without a protector.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीतम् (atītam) - deceased (passed away, deceased, gone beyond)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having seen/understood (having known, having understood, having realized)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

• पार्थिवर्षभम् (pārthivarṣabham) - best among kings (their husband) (best among kings, chief of kings)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (glorious, famous, renowned)

• संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, having encircled)

• पत्नयः (patnayaḥ) - his wives (wives)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - profusely, greatly (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• रुदन्त्यः (rudantyaḥ) - crying, weeping

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully (pitifully, mournfully, sadly)

• सुदुःखिताः (suduḥkhitāḥ) - extremely distressed (extremely distressed, greatly afflicted)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped, holding (having grasped, having taken, having held)

• बाहू (bāhū) - arms (dual) (two arms)

• व्यलपन् (vyalapan) - wailed, lamented (wailed, lamented, cried out)

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - helplessly, like those without a protector (like one without a protector, helplessly)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीतम् (atītam) - deceased (passed away, deceased, gone beyond)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atīta

atīta - passed, gone, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ati' (beyond)

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'pārthivarṣabham' and 'yaśasvinam'

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having seen/understood (having known, having understood, having realized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

पार्थिवर्षभम् (pārthivarṣabham) - best among kings (their husband) (best among kings, chief of kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthivarṣabha

pārthivarṣabha - best among kings, chief of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ṛṣabha)

• pārthiva – of the earth, earthly, a king, a prince
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – a bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (glorious, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

Note: Modifies 'pārthivarṣabham'

संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, having encircled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root 'vṛ' (to cover, to choose) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pari'

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

पत्नयः (patnayaḥ) - his wives (wives)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, lady

Note: Subject of 'vyalapan'

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - profusely, greatly (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb

Note: Modifies 'rudantyaḥ'

रुदन्त्यः (rudantyaḥ) - crying, weeping

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rudat

rudat - crying, weeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root 'rud' (to cry)

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'patnayaḥ'

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully (pitifully, mournfully, sadly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'rudantyaḥ' and 'vyalapan'

सुदुःखिताः (suduḥkhitāḥ) - extremely distressed (extremely distressed, greatly afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - extremely distressed, greatly afflicted, very sorrowful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, afflicted, sorrowful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'duḥkh' (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'patnayaḥ'

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped, holding (having grasped, having taken, having held)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root 'grah' (to seize, grasp) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

बाहू (bāhū) - arms (dual) (two arms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'

व्यलपन् (vyalapan) - wailed, lamented (wailed, lamented, cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of lap

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Root `lap` with prefix `vi`

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - helplessly, like those without a protector (like one without a protector, helplessly)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anātha' (without a protector) with suffix '-vat' (like, similar to)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vyalapan'