वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-42, verse-5

गृहे गृहे रुदन्त्यश्च भर्तारं गृहमागतम् ।
व्यगर्हयन्तो दुःखार्ता वाग्भिस्तोत्रैरिव द्विपान् ॥५॥

5. gṛhe gṛhe rudantyaśca bhartāraṃ gṛhamāgatam ,
vyagarhayanto duḥkhārtā vāgbhistotrairiva dvipān.

5. gṛhe gṛhe rudantyaḥ ca bhartāram gṛham āgatam
vyagarhayantaḥ duḥkha ārtā vāgbhiḥ totraiḥ iva dvipān

5. gṛhe gṛhe rudantyaḥ ca duḥkha ārtāḥ gṛham āgatam
bhartāram vyagarhayantaḥ vāgbhiḥ totraiḥ iva dvipān

5. In every house, women, weeping and afflicted by sorrow, reproached their husbands who had returned home, assailing them with words as if with goads to elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house

• रुदन्त्यः (rudantyaḥ) - weeping, crying

• च (ca) - and, also

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer

• गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, returned

• व्यगर्हयन्तः (vyagarhayantaḥ) - they reproached, they blamed

• दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, sorrow, pain

• आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted, distressed

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

• तोत्रैः (totraiḥ) - with goads

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपान् (dvipān) - elephants

Words meanings and morphology

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Used repetitively for 'in every house'

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Used repetitively for 'in every house'

रुदन्त्यः (rudantyaḥ) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √rud (class 1), feminine nominative plural

Root: rud (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, master, maintainer, supporter

Agent noun from √bhṛ 'to bear, to carry, to maintain'

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'to home'

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, returned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √gam (class 1) 'to go' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhartāram'

व्यगर्हयन्तः (vyagarhayantaḥ) - they reproached, they blamed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vigarhayat

vigarhayat - reproaching, blaming

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of causative of √garh (class 1) 'to blame' with prefix 'vi', feminine nominative plural

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Functions as a main verb in the sentence, modifying the implied women (like 'rudantyaḥ')

दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, sorrow, pain

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

Note: Part of a compound 'duḥkhārta'

आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √ṛ (class 3) 'to go, to move', with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies implied women, forming a compound 'duḥkhārta'

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

तोत्रैः (totraiḥ) - with goads

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of totra

totra - goad, ankus (elephant hook)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्विपान् (dvipān) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'drinker with two times' or 'two-drinker', referring to trunk and mouth)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker (from √pā 'to drink')
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā 'to drink'
  Root: pā (class 1)

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