वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-42, verse-21

या पुत्रं पार्थिवेन्द्रस्य प्रवासयति निर्घृणा ।
कस्तां प्राप्य सुखं जीवेदधर्म्यां दुष्टचारिणीम् ॥२१॥

21. yā putraṃ pārthivendrasya pravāsayati nirghṛṇā ,
kastāṃ prāpya sukhaṃ jīvedadharmyāṃ duṣṭacāriṇīm.

21. yā putram pārthivendrasya pravāsayati nirghṛṇā
kaḥ tām prāpya sukham jīvet adharmyām duṣṭacāriṇīm

21. yā nirghṛṇā pārthivendrasya putram pravāsayati,
kaḥ tām adharmyām duṣṭacāriṇīm prāpya sukham jīvet

21. Who could live happily, having accepted her, that merciless woman who exiles the son of the lord of kings, that unrighteous (adharma) and ill-behaved one?

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - Kaikeyi (who) (who, which (feminine))

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Rama, the son of Dasharatha (son, child)

• पार्थिवेन्द्रस्य (pārthivendrasya) - of King Dasharatha (of the lord of kings, of the emperor)

• प्रवासयति (pravāsayati) - banishes (Rama) (causes to go into exile, banishes)

• निर्घृणा (nirghṛṇā) - Kaikeyi, being merciless (merciless, pitiless, cruel)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (could do such a thing/live happily) (who, what)

• ताम् (tām) - that Kaikeyi (her, that (feminine))

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having accepted (her as queen) (having obtained, having reached, having accepted)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happiness, pleasure; happily, easily)

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - could live (happily) (would live, should live)

• अधर्म्याम् (adharmyām) - violating natural law (dharma) (unrighteous, wicked, not conforming to (dharma))

• दुष्टचारिणीम् (duṣṭacāriṇīm) - Kaikeyi, who has wicked conduct (ill-behaved, wicked-natured, one who conducts oneself badly)

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - Kaikeyi (who) (who, which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to Kaikeyi.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Rama, the son of Dasharatha (son, child)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'pravāsayati'.

पार्थिवेन्द्रस्य (pārthivendrasya) - of King Dasharatha (of the lord of kings, of the emperor)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārthivendra

pārthivendra - chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+indra)

• pārthiva – earthly, royal, king
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pṛthivī (earth)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, refers to Dasharatha.

प्रवासयति (pravāsayati) - banishes (Rama) (causes to go into exile, banishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pravās

Causative

Causative of pra-vas (to dwell abroad)

Prefix: pra

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The action performed by Kaikeyi.

निर्घृणा (nirghṛṇā) - Kaikeyi, being merciless (merciless, pitiless, cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirghṛṇa

nirghṛṇa - merciless, pitiless, cruel

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ghṛṇā)

• nis – out, without
  indeclinable
• ghṛṇā – pity, compassion, hatred
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'yā' (Kaikeyi).

कः (kaḥ) - who (could do such a thing/live happily) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

ताम् (tām) - that Kaikeyi (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having accepted (her as queen) (having obtained, having reached, having accepted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Describes a preceding action.

सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happiness, pleasure; happily, easily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

जीवेत् (jīvet) - could live (happily) (would live, should live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or possibility.

अधर्म्याम् (adharmyām) - violating natural law (dharma) (unrighteous, wicked, not conforming to (dharma))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adharmyā

adharmyā - unrighteous, unjust, impious, violating natural law (dharma)

Derived from a-dharma (not dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

दुष्टचारिणीम् (duṣṭacāriṇīm) - Kaikeyi, who has wicked conduct (ill-behaved, wicked-natured, one who conducts oneself badly)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duṣṭacāriṇī

duṣṭacāriṇī - ill-behaved, wicked-natured, one who acts wrongly (feminine)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duṣṭa+cāriṇī)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, wicked, bad, spoilt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duṣ (to corrupt, be bad)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• cāriṇī – one who moves/behaves (feminine)
  noun (feminine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root car (to move, behave) with suffix -iṇī
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

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