महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-25, verse-8

शल्य उवाच ।
आत्मनिन्दात्मपूजा च परनिन्दा परस्तवः ।
अनाचरितमार्याणां वृत्तमेतच्चतुर्विधम् ॥८॥

8. śalya uvāca ,
ātmanindātmapūjā ca paranindā parastavaḥ ,
anācaritamāryāṇāṁ vṛttametaccaturvidham.

8. śalyaḥ uvāca ātmanindā ātmapūjā ca paranindā
parastavaḥ anācaritam āryāṇām vṛttam etat caturvidham

8. śalyaḥ uvāca ātmanindā ca ātmapūjā,
paranindā ca parastavaḥ - etat caturvidham vṛttam āryāṇām anācaritam

8. Śalya said: Self-criticism and self-praise, as well as the criticism of others and flattery of others—this four-fold behavior (vṛttam) is not practiced by noble people.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आत्मनिन्दा (ātmanindā) - self-censure, self-criticism

• आत्मपूजा (ātmapūjā) - self-praise, self-worship

• च (ca) - and, also

• परनिन्दा (paranindā) - censure of others, criticism of others

• परस्तवः (parastavaḥ) - praise of others, flattery of others

• अनाचरितम् (anācaritam) - not practiced, not performed, not observed

• आर्याणाम् (āryāṇām) - of noble ones, of respectable people

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, course of action

• एतत् (etat) - this

• चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - of four kinds, four-fold

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - name of a king, a weapon (spear, dart), thorn

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect (liṭ)

root 'vac', perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

आत्मनिन्दा (ātmanindā) - self-censure, self-criticism

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ātmanindā

ātmanindā - self-censure, self-blame

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+nindā)

• ātman – self (ātman), soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• nindā – censure, blame, criticism
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nid

आत्मपूजा (ātmapūjā) - self-praise, self-worship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ātmapūjā

ātmapūjā - self-praise, self-adoration

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+pūjā)

• ātman – self (ātman), soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• pūjā – worship, adoration, praise
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pūj

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परनिन्दा (paranindā) - censure of others, criticism of others

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paranindā

paranindā - blame of others, slander

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+nindā)

• para – other, another, alien
  adjective
• nindā – censure, blame, criticism
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nid

परस्तवः (parastavaḥ) - praise of others, flattery of others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parastava

parastava - praise of others, flattery of others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+stava)

• para – other, another, alien
  adjective
• stava – praise, hymn, eulogy
  noun (masculine)
  Root: stu

अनाचरितम् (anācaritam) - not practiced, not performed, not observed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anācarita

anācarita - not practiced, not observed, not performed

Past Passive Participle (PPP) used as adjective

Derived from 'ācarita' (practiced) with the negative prefix 'an'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ācarita)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ācarita – practiced, observed, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'car' (to move, to practice) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

आर्याणाम् (āryāṇām) - of noble ones, of respectable people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, Aryan

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, course of action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, occurrence, event

Past Passive Participle (PPP) used as noun

From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - of four kinds, four-fold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four sorts or kinds, four-fold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun