महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-4, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्य लालप्यतः श्रुत्वा वृद्धः कुरुपितामहः ।
देशकालोचितं वाक्यमब्रवीत्प्रीतमानसः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasya lālapyataḥ śrutvā vṛddhaḥ kurupitāmahaḥ ,
deśakālocitaṁ vākyamabravītprītamānasaḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tasya lālapyataḥ śrutvā vṛddhaḥ
kurupitāmahaḥ deśakālocitam vākyam abravīt prītamānasaḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tasya lālapyataḥ śrutvā vṛddhaḥ
kurupitāmahaḥ prītamānasaḥ deśakālocitam vākyam abravīt

1. Sañjaya said: Having heard him lament, the aged patriarch of the Kurus, with a pleased mind, uttered words appropriate for the time and place.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The narrator of the Bhagavad Gītā and other parts of the Mahābhārata. (Sañjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - Referring to Duryodhana, whose lamentation was heard. (of him, his)

• लालप्यतः (lālapyataḥ) - Duryodhana's complaining or determined speech. (wailing, lamenting, repeatedly speaking)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma, the Kuru patriarch. (aged, old, venerable)

• कुरुपितामहः (kurupitāmahaḥ) - Referring to Bhīṣma. (grandfather of the Kurus, Kuru patriarch)

• देशकालोचितम् (deśakālocitam) - appropriate for the time and place

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The specific counsel given by Bhīṣma. (statement, speech, word)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• प्रीतमानसः (prītamānasaḥ) - Describes Bhīṣma's state of mind. (with a pleased mind, joyful-minded)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The narrator of the Bhagavad Gītā and other parts of the Mahābhārata. (Sañjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and minister)

Derived from 'saṃ-' (together) + 'ji' (to conquer), meaning 'victorious'.

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, intensive/reduplicated stem.

From root 'vac' (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - Referring to Duryodhana, whose lamentation was heard. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, governing 'lālapyataḥ'.

लालप्यतः (lālapyataḥ) - Duryodhana's complaining or determined speech. (wailing, lamenting, repeatedly speaking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lālapyat

lālapyat - wailing, lamenting, speaking repeatedly, chattering

Intensive/Frequentative Present Active Participle

From root 'lap' (to speak) with intensive prefix 'la-' and 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tasya'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'śru' (to hear) with 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'abravīt'.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma, the Kuru patriarch. (aged, old, venerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, venerable, wise

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

कुरुपितामहः (kurupitāmahaḥ) - Referring to Bhīṣma. (grandfather of the Kurus, Kuru patriarch)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupitāmaha

kurupitāmaha - grandfather of the Kurus, Kuru patriarch

Compound 'kuru' (Kurus, a clan/dynasty) + 'pitāmaha' (grandfather).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+pitāmaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, or his descendants/dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – paternal grandfather, Brahma
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

देशकालोचितम् (deśakālocitam) - appropriate for the time and place

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of deśakālocita

deśakālocita - appropriate for the time and place, suitable to circumstances

Compound of 'deśa' (place) + 'kāla' (time) + 'ucita' (appropriate).

Compound type : dvandva-garbha-tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+ucita)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• ucita – appropriate, proper, suitable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vac' (to speak), or 'uc' (to be pleased). Usually means 'proper'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The specific counsel given by Bhīṣma. (statement, speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - statement, speech, sentence, word

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ṇya' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, active voice.

From root 'brū' (to speak). Imperfect 3rd singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

प्रीतमानसः (prītamānasaḥ) - Describes Bhīṣma's state of mind. (with a pleased mind, joyful-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītamānasa

prītamānasa - having a pleased mind, joyful-minded, glad at heart

Compound 'prīta' (pleased) + 'mānasa' (mind, heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prīta+mānasa)

• prīta – pleased, delighted, satisfied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'prī' (to please, satisfy)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• mānasa – mind, heart, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  From 'manas' (mind)

Note: Refers to 'kurupitāmahaḥ'.