महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-28, verse-4

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

लुप्तायां तु प्रकृतौ येन कर्म निष्पादयेत्तत्परीप्सेद्विहीनः ।
प्रकृतिस्थश्चापदि वर्तमान उभौ गर्ह्यौ भवतः संजयैतौ ॥४॥

4. luptāyāṁ tu prakṛtau yena karma; niṣpādayettatparīpsedvihīnaḥ ,
prakṛtisthaścāpadi vartamāna; ubhau garhyau bhavataḥ saṁjayaitau.

4. luptāyām tu prakṛtau yena karma
niṣpādayet tat parīpset vihīnaḥ |
prakṛtisthaḥ ca āpadi vartamānaḥ
ubhau garhyau bhavataḥ saṃjaya etau

4. O Sanjaya, two kinds of individuals are condemned: first, the deficient person who, when their intrinsic nature (prakṛti) is lost, performs actions and desires their outcome; and second, the one who, though abiding in their intrinsic nature (prakṛti), behaves improperly during an emergency.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

लुप्तायाम् (luptāyām) - in the (case of) lost/corrupted intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (in the lost, in the corrupted, in the disappeared)

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

प्रकृतौ (prakṛtau) - in the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (in the original form, in the nature, in the fundamental substance)

येन (yena) - by which (corrupted state or means) (by which, by whom)

कर्म (karma) - actions, deeds (action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action)

निष्पादयेत् (niṣpādayet) - (one) performs/accomplishes (one should perform, one should accomplish)

तत् (tat) - that (outcome or lost prakṛti) (that, that thing)

परीप्सेत् (parīpset) - (one) desires to obtain (one should desire, one should strive for, one should obtain)

विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - a deficient person (deficient, lacking, deprived, abandoned)

प्रकृतिस्थः (prakṛtisthaḥ) - one who abides in their intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (standing in nature, abiding in one's state)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

आपदि (āpadi) - during an emergency (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - behaving (improperly), acting (in a particular way) (being, existing, acting, present)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (types of individuals) (both)

गर्ह्यौ (garhyau) - to be condemned, reprehensible (blameable, reprehensible, despicable)

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they are (they are, they become)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (O Sanjaya (proper noun))

एतौ (etau) - these two (individuals) (these two)

Words meanings and morphology

लुप्तायाम् (luptāyām) - in the (case of) lost/corrupted intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (in the lost, in the corrupted, in the disappeared)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of lupta

lupta - lost, disappeared, corrupted, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √lup (to break, to cut, to damage, to destroy) with suffix -ta.

Root: lup (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'prakṛtau'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

प्रकृतौ (prakṛtau) - in the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (in the original form, in the nature, in the fundamental substance)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - original form, nature, intrinsic nature, fundamental substance, material cause (especially of the universe), primal matter

Derived from pra- (prefix) + √kṛ (to make, do).

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Locative absolute with 'luptāyām'.

येन (yena) - by which (corrupted state or means) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to the means by which karma is performed.

कर्म (karma) - actions, deeds (action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action, duty

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'niṣpādayet'.

निष्पादयेत् (niṣpādayet) - (one) performs/accomplishes (one should perform, one should accomplish)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of niṣpāday

Causative verb

Causative of niṣ-pad (niḥ + √pad).

Prefix: niḥ

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Implied subject is 'vihīnaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (outcome or lost prakṛti) (that, that thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'parīpset'.

परीप्सेत् (parīpset) - (one) desires to obtain (one should desire, one should strive for, one should obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parīps

Desiderative verb

Desiderative of pari- √āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Implied subject is 'vihīnaḥ'.

विहीनः (vihīnaḥ) - a deficient person (deficient, lacking, deprived, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - deficient, lacking, deprived of, abandoned by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi- √hā (to leave, abandon).

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

प्रकृतिस्थः (prakṛtisthaḥ) - one who abides in their intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (standing in nature, abiding in one's state)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakṛtistha

prakṛtistha - remaining in one's original state, abiding in nature, staying in one's proper condition/duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (prakṛti+stha)

prakṛti – original form, nature, intrinsic nature
noun (feminine)
Derived from pra- (prefix) + √kṛ (to make, do).
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8)
stha – standing, staying, abiding, situated in
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/adjective from root
Derived from √sthā (to stand, stay).
Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two types of individuals.

आपदि (āpadi) - during an emergency (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune, emergency

Derived from ā- √pad (to fall into, to undergo).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Time/circumstance of action.