महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-28, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
असंशयं संजय सत्यमेतद्धर्मो वरः कर्मणां यत्त्वमात्थ ।
ज्ञात्वा तु मां संजय गर्हयेस्त्वं यदि धर्मं यद्यधर्मं चरामि ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
asaṁśayaṁ saṁjaya satyameta;ddharmo varaḥ karmaṇāṁ yattvamāttha ,
jñātvā tu māṁ saṁjaya garhayestvaṁ; yadi dharmaṁ yadyadharmaṁ carāmi.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | asaṃśayam saṃjaya
satyam etat dharmaḥ varaḥ karmaṇām yat tvam
āttha | jñātvā tu mām saṃjaya garhayeḥ
tvam yadi dharmam yadi adharmam carāmi

1. Yudhishthira said: "Undoubtedly, O Sanjaya, what you say—that natural law (dharma) is superior among all actions (karma)—is true. But, O Sanjaya, you would censure me, after truly understanding my situation, if I were to practice what you deem natural law (dharma) or unrighteousness (adharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly, without doubt, certainly

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, true, reality

• एतत् (etat) - this

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

• वरः (varaḥ) - superior, best, excellent, boon

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds

• यत् (yat) - that which, which, because

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you speak

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• माम् (mām) - me

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• गर्हयेः (garhayeḥ) - you would censure, you would blame

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• यदि (yadi) - if

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, unholy conduct, injustice

• चरामि (carāmi) - I practice, I follow, I move, I act

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly, without doubt, certainly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/avyayībhāva (a+saṃśaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, complete triumph

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, true, reality

(noun)

neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, sincere

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वरः (varaḥ) - superior, best, excellent, boon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - choice, excellent, superior, best, boon, suitor

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (resulting from action)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - that which, which, because

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what, that which, because

Note: Used here as a relative pronoun introducing a clause.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect/present (lit/laṭ) of aha

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: From aorist root `ah`, used with present meaning.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, complete triumph

गर्हयेः (garhayeḥ) - you would censure, you would blame

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of garh

Root: garh (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, unholy conduct, injustice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unholy conduct, injustice, violation of natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

चरामि (carāmi) - I practice, I follow, I move, I act

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)