महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-28, verse-10

यदि ह्यहं विसृजन्स्यामगर्ह्यो युध्यमानो यदि जह्यां स्वधर्मम् ।
महायशाः केशवस्तद्ब्रवीतु वासुदेवस्तूभयोरर्थकामः ॥१०॥

10. yadi hyahaṁ visṛjansyāmagarhyo; yudhyamāno yadi jahyāṁ svadharmam ,
mahāyaśāḥ keśavastadbravītu; vāsudevastūbhayorarthakāmaḥ.

10. yadi hi aham visṛjan syām agarhyaḥ
yudhyamānaḥ yadi jahyām svadharmam
mahāyaśāḥ keśavaḥ tat bravītu
vāsudevaḥ tu ubhayoḥ arthakāmaḥ

10. If I were to abandon my duty and thereby remain blameless, or if, while fighting, I were to forsake my own natural law (svadharma), then let Keśava of great renown declare that. Vāsudeva indeed desires the welfare of both sides.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अहम् (aham) - I

• विसृजन् (visṛjan) - abandoning (my duty) (abandoning, forsaking, letting go)

• स्याम् (syām) - I would be, I might be

• अगर्ह्यः (agarhyaḥ) - blameless, irreproachable

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, while fighting

• यदि (yadi) - if

• जह्याम् (jahyām) - I would abandon, I would forsake

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - my own natural law (svadharma) (one's own natural law, one's own duty)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great renown (of great fame, greatly renowned)

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (name of Kṛṣṇa)

• तत् (tat) - that

• ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - let him say, he should say

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (name of Kṛṣṇa)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

• अर्थकामः (arthakāmaḥ) - desires the welfare (of both) (desiring wealth/purpose, desiring welfare)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

विसृजन् (visṛjan) - abandoning (my duty) (abandoning, forsaking, letting go)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visṛjant

visṛjant - abandoning, releasing, forsaking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of verb `visṛj` (√sṛj with `vi`).

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Used adjectivally with `aham`.

स्याम् (syām) - I would be, I might be

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

First person singular optative of √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used in a conditional clause.

अगर्ह्यः (agarhyaḥ) - blameless, irreproachable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agarhya

agarhya - blameless, irreproachable, not to be blamed

Gerundive (Ppp.) with negation

Negative prefix `a-` + gerundive/potential passive participle `garhya` (from √garh "to blame").

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+garhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• garhya – blamable, reprehensible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of √garh (to blame).
  Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective with `syām`.

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, while fighting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, struggling, while fighting

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of verb `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a second conditional clause.

जह्याम् (jahyām) - I would abandon, I would forsake

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hā

First person singular optative of √hā (to abandon). Irregular root.

Root: hā (class 3)

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - my own natural law (svadharma) (one's own natural law, one's own duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law, one's own duty, self-constitution

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `jahyām`.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great renown (of great fame, greatly renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - of great fame, greatly renowned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective
  Combining form of `mahat` (great).
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yaś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `keśavaḥ`.

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (name of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (name of Kṛṣṇa, "having fine hair" or "slayer of Keśī demon")

Note: Subject of `bravītu`.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Direct object of `bravītu`, referring to the preceding conditional statements.

ब्रवीतु (bravītu) - let him say, he should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Third person singular imperative of √brū (to speak). Irregular root.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Command/request.

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (name of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (name of Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva)

Patronymic of Vasudeva.

Note: Subject of `arthakāmaḥ`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting statement about Vāsudeva.

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Refers to both sides (e.g., Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas).

अर्थकामः (arthakāmaḥ) - desires the welfare (of both) (desiring wealth/purpose, desiring welfare)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthakāma

arthakāma - desiring gain/advantage, desirous of welfare, intent on purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+kāma)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage, welfare
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 5)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From √kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for Vāsudeva.