महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-7, verse-4

अदृष्टपूर्वः पुरुषो रविर्यथा वितर्कयन्नास्य लभामि संपदम् ।
तथास्य चित्तं ह्यपि संवितर्कयन्नरर्षभस्याद्य न यामि तत्त्वतः ॥४॥

4. adṛṣṭapūrvaḥ puruṣo raviryathā; vitarkayannāsya labhāmi saṁpadam ,
tathāsya cittaṁ hyapi saṁvitarkaya;nnararṣabhasyādya na yāmi tattvataḥ.

4. adṛṣṭapūrvaḥ puruṣaḥ raviḥ yathā
vitarkayan asya labhāmi sampadam tathā
asya cittam hi api saṃvitarkayan
nararṣabhasya adya na yāmi tattvataḥ

4. I am unable to comprehend the splendor of this man (puruṣa), who is like the sun and has never been seen before, even though I ponder it. Similarly, even today, though I deeply consider the mind of this bull among men (nararṣabha), I do not truly grasp its essence (tattva).

Words meanings summery:

• अदृष्टपूर्वः (adṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - never seen before (unprecedented, never seen before)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man (man, person, human being, spirit, the Cosmic Person (puruṣa))

• रविः (raviḥ) - the sun (sun, sun god)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• वितर्कयन् (vitarkayan) - pondering, contemplating (pondering, contemplating, reasoning)

• अस्य (asya) - of his (splendor), of this (man's splendor) (of him, of this (person/thing))

• लभामि (labhāmi) - I comprehend, I grasp (I obtain, I gain, I perceive)

• सम्पदम् (sampadam) - splendor, grandeur (splendor, prosperity, wealth, attainment)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, so, thus)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (man's mind) (of him, of this (person/thing))

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind (mind, thought, consciousness)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• संवितर्कयन् (saṁvitarkayan) - deeply considering, trying to understand (deeply pondering, thoroughly contemplating)

• नरर्षभस्य (nararṣabhasya) - of this foremost among men (of the bull among men, of the foremost among men)

• अद्य (adya) - today, even now (today, now)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• यामि (yāmi) - I understand, I grasp (I go, I proceed, I understand)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, essentially, as to its true nature (tattva) (in reality, truly, essentially, from the essence (tattva))

Words meanings and morphology

अदृष्टपूर्वः (adṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - never seen before (unprecedented, never seen before)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adṛṣṭapūrva

adṛṣṭapūrva - never seen before, unprecedented

compound of adṛṣṭa (past passive participle of dṛś) and pūrva (former)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a-dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dṛṣṭa – seen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root dṛś + kta
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – before, former, prior
  adjective (masculine)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man (man, person, human being, spirit, the Cosmic Person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the Cosmic Person (puruṣa)

रविः (raviḥ) - the sun (sun, sun god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - sun, sun god

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

वितर्कयन् (vitarkayan) - pondering, contemplating (pondering, contemplating, reasoning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitarkayant

vitarkayant - pondering, contemplating, reasoning

Present Active Participle

root tarka + vi (prefix) + śatṛ pratyaya

Prefix: vi

Root: tarka (class 10)

Note: Used adverbially.

अस्य (asya) - of his (splendor), of this (man's splendor) (of him, of this (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'man' (puruṣa).

लभामि (labhāmi) - I comprehend, I grasp (I obtain, I gain, I perceive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

root labh, present indicative, ātmanepada

Root: labh (class 1)

सम्पदम् (sampadam) - splendor, grandeur (splendor, prosperity, wealth, attainment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sampad

sampad - splendor, prosperity, wealth, attainment

from sam-pad

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, so, thus)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this (man's mind) (of him, of this (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'man' (puruṣa) or 'bull among men' (nararṣabha).

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind (mind, thought, consciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, thought, consciousness

past passive participle of cit (to perceive, to understand), also used as a noun.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Object of saṃvitarkayan.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Emphatic particle.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

particle

संवितर्कयन् (saṁvitarkayan) - deeply considering, trying to understand (deeply pondering, thoroughly contemplating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvitarkayant

saṁvitarkayant - deeply pondering, thoroughly contemplating

Present Active Participle

root tarka + sam + vi (prefixes) + śatṛ pratyaya

Prefixes: sam+vi

Root: tarka (class 10)

Note: Used adverbially.

नरर्षभस्य (nararṣabhasya) - of this foremost among men (of the bull among men, of the foremost among men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, foremost among men, excellent man

compound of nara (man) and ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the same 'man' (puruṣa) mentioned earlier, likely Yudhiṣṭhira.

अद्य (adya) - today, even now (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Negation.

यामि (yāmi) - I understand, I grasp (I go, I proceed, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

root yā, present indicative, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used in the sense of 'to reach the essence/true nature'.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, essentially, as to its true nature (tattva) (in reality, truly, essentially, from the essence (tattva))

(indeclinable)

formed with the suffix -tas from tattva

Note: Adverbial.