महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-47, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वानेयं च मृगांश्चैव शुद्धैर्बाणैर्निपातितान् ।
ब्राह्मणानां निवेद्याग्रमभुञ्जन्पुरुषर्षभाः ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vāneyaṁ ca mṛgāṁścaiva śuddhairbāṇairnipātitān ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ nivedyāgramabhuñjanpuruṣarṣabhāḥ.

4. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca vāneyam ca mṛgān ca eva śuddhaiḥ bāṇaiḥ
nipātitān brāhmaṇānām nivedya agram abhuñjan puruṣarṣabhāḥ

4. Vaiśampāyana said: Those foremost among men (the Pāṇḍavas) ate forest produce and deer killed with pure arrows, after offering the best portion to the brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (Vaiśampāyana) (he said, spoke)

• वानेयम् (vāneyam) - forest produce (food) (forest produce, wild (food))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer (deer, animals)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing 'ca') (indeed, only, just, also)

• शुद्धैः (śuddhaiḥ) - by pure, untainted (by clean, by pure)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• निपातितान् (nipātitān) - killed (the deer) (struck down, felled, killed)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - to the brahmins (of the brahmins, to the brahmins)

• निवेद्य (nivedya) - after offering (having offered, having presented)

• अग्रम् (agram) - the best portion, the first offering (the first part, the best part, the top)

• अभुञ्जन् (abhuñjan) - they (the Pāṇḍavas) ate (they ate, enjoyed)

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men (the Pāṇḍavas) (bulls among men, foremost of men)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana, a sage and pupil of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said (Vaiśampāyana) (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

From root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense, third person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

वानेयम् (vāneyam) - forest produce (food) (forest produce, wild (food))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāneya

vāneya - belonging to the forest, growing in the forest, forest produce

Note: Can be considered a noun here (forest produce).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer (deer, animals)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, animal, beast

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing 'ca') (indeed, only, just, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

शुद्धैः (śuddhaiḥ) - by pure, untainted (by clean, by pure)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śuddha

śuddha - clean, pure, clear, faultless

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śudh' (to purify) + suffix '-ta'

Root: śudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

निपातितान् (nipātitān) - killed (the deer) (struck down, felled, killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, killed, brought low

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with upasarga 'ni' (down) + causative 'i' + suffix '-ta'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mṛgān'.

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - to the brahmins (of the brahmins, to the brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Genitive often implies dative of purpose/benefit ('to the brahmins') in this context.

निवेद्य (nivedya) - after offering (having offered, having presented)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'vid' (to know) with upasarga 'ni' (down, in) + causative 'i' + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 6)

अग्रम् (agram) - the best portion, the first offering (the first part, the best part, the top)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - front, top, tip, first, best part

अभुञ्जन् (abhuñjan) - they (the Pāṇḍavas) ate (they ate, enjoyed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhuj

Imperfect past active third person plural

From root 'bhuj' (to eat), imperfect tense, third person plural, active voice.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men (the Pāṇḍavas) (bulls among men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best among men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.