महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-47, verse-12

तथा तेषां वसतां काम्यके वै विहीनानामर्जुनेनोत्सुकानाम् ।
पञ्चैव वर्षाणि तदा व्यतीयुरधीयतां जपतां जुह्वतां च ॥१२॥

12. tathā teṣāṁ vasatāṁ kāmyake vai; vihīnānāmarjunenotsukānām ,
pañcaiva varṣāṇi tadā vyatīyu;radhīyatāṁ japatāṁ juhvatāṁ ca.

12. tathā teṣām vasatām kāmyake vai
vihīnānām arjunena utsukānām
pañca eva varṣāṇi tadā vyatīyuḥ
adhīyatām japatām juhvatām ca

12. Thus, for those Pāṇḍavas living in the Kāmyaka (forest), deprived of Arjuna and feeling anxious, five years indeed passed by while they engaged in study, chanting (mantras), and offering sacrifices.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of them, for them)

• वसताम् (vasatām) - living, dwelling, residing

• काम्यके (kāmyake) - in Kāmyaka (forest)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• विहीनानाम् (vihīnānām) - deprived of, separated from

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• उत्सुकानाम् (utsukānām) - anxious, eager

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• एव (eva) - indeed, only

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• व्यतीयुः (vyatīyuḥ) - they passed, elapsed

• अधीयताम् (adhīyatām) - studying, learning

• जपताम् (japatām) - chanting (mantras), muttering prayers

• जुह्वताम् (juhvatām) - sacrificing, offering oblations

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

वसताम् (vasatām) - living, dwelling, residing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vasat

vasat - living, dwelling

Present Active Participle

Present participle from √vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

काम्यके (kāmyake) - in Kāmyaka (forest)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāmyaka

kāmyaka - Kāmyaka (name of a forest)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विहीनानाम् (vihīnānām) - deprived of, separated from

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vihīna

vihīna - deprived of, wanting, destitute of

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √hā with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name)

Note: Refers to the separation from Arjuna.

उत्सुकानाम् (utsukānām) - anxious, eager

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of utsuka

utsuka - anxious, eager, longing for

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(indeclinable)

Note: Numerals like pañca are often treated as indeclinable. If declined, it would be nominative plural here.

एव (eva) - indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

व्यतीयुः (vyatīyuḥ) - they passed, elapsed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vyatī

Perfect Active

3rd person plural Perfect active of √i with prefixes vi- and ati-

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

अधीयताम् (adhīyatām) - studying, learning

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of adhīyat

adhīyat - studying, learning

Present Middle Participle

Present participle from √ī with prefix adhi- (middle voice)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

जपताम् (japatām) - chanting (mantras), muttering prayers

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of japat

japat - chanting, muttering

Present Active Participle

Present participle from √jap (to mutter, to chant)

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

जुह्वताम् (juhvatām) - sacrificing, offering oblations

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of juhvat

juhvat - sacrificing, offering

Present Active Participle

Present participle from √hu (to sacrifice), reduplicated root juhoti

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Qualifies teṣām.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)