महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-47, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
यदिदं शोचितं राज्ञा धृतराष्ट्रेण वै मुने ।
प्रव्राज्य पाण्डवान्वीरान्सर्वमेतन्निरर्थकम् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
yadidaṁ śocitaṁ rājñā dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa vai mune ,
pravrājya pāṇḍavānvīrānsarvametannirarthakam.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca yat idam śocitam rājñā dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa
vai mune pravrājya pāṇḍavān vīrān sarvam etat nirarthakam

1. Janamejaya said: 'O sage, all this lamentation by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, after he had exiled the heroic Pāṇḍavas, is indeed meaningless.'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

• शोचितम् (śocitam) - lamented, grieved over, sorrowed

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• मुने (mune) - O Vaiśampāyana (O sage)

• प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having sent away

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• वीरान् (vīrān) - the heroes, the valiant ones

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, the whole

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, futile

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - name of a king, son of Parīkṣit

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular.

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the lamentation, implying 'which (lamentation)'.

इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'śocitam'.

शोचितम् (śocitam) - lamented, grieved over, sorrowed

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śocita

śocita - lamented, grieved, caused sorrow

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śuc' (to grieve, sorrow) + 'ita' suffix.

Root: śuc (class 1)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Agent of 'śocitam'.

धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, father of the Kauravas)

'One whose kingdom (rāṣṭra) is held (dhṛta)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

Note: Agent of 'śocitam'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - O Vaiśampāyana (O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Root: man

Note: Addressing Vaiśampāyana.

प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having sent away

(indeclinable participle)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; Pāṇḍavas

From 'pāṇḍu' (father's name) + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Object of 'pravrājya'.

वीरान् (vīrān) - the heroes, the valiant ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, valiant, brave man

Root: vīr

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, the whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Acts as part of the subject ('sarvam etat').

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the preceding lamentation and exile. Acts as part of the subject ('sarvam etat').

निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, futile

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirarthaka

nirarthaka - meaningless, useless, vain, futile

From 'nis' (without) + 'artha' (purpose, meaning) + 'ka' suffix.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+artha)

• nis – out, forth, without
  prefix
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'idam'.