महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-47, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
यदिदं शोचितं राज्ञा धृतराष्ट्रेण वै मुने ।
प्रव्राज्य पाण्डवान्वीरान्सर्वमेतन्निरर्थकम् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
yadidaṁ śocitaṁ rājñā dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa vai mune ,
pravrājya pāṇḍavānvīrānsarvametannirarthakam.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca yat idam śocitam rājñā dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa
vai mune pravrājya pāṇḍavān vīrān sarvam etat nirarthakam

1. Janamejaya said: 'O sage, all this lamentation by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, after he had exiled the heroic Pāṇḍavas, is indeed meaningless.'

1. ג׳ַנַמֵג׳ַיַה אמר, הו קדוש, כל מה שהמלך דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁתְרַה קונן עליו אחרי שגירש את גיבורי הפָּאנְדַוַה, כל זה לשווא.

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

• शोचितम् (śocitam) - lamented, grieved over, sorrowed

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• मुने (mune) - O Vaiśampāyana (O sage)

• प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having sent away

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• वीरान् (vīrān) - the heroes, the valiant ones

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, the whole

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, futile

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - name of a king, son of Parīkṣit

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular.

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the lamentation, implying 'which (lamentation)'.

इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'śocitam'.

शोचितम् (śocitam) - lamented, grieved over, sorrowed

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śocita

śocita - lamented, grieved, caused sorrow

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śuc' (to grieve, sorrow) + 'ita' suffix.

Root: śuc (class 1)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Agent of 'śocitam'.

धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, father of the Kauravas)

'One whose kingdom (rāṣṭra) is held (dhṛta)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

Note: Agent of 'śocitam'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - O Vaiśampāyana (O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Root: man

Note: Addressing Vaiśampāyana.

प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having sent away

(indeclinable participle)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; Pāṇḍavas

From 'pāṇḍu' (father's name) + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Object of 'pravrājya'.

वीरान् (vīrān) - the heroes, the valiant ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, valiant, brave man

Root: vīr

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, the whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Acts as part of the subject ('sarvam etat').

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the preceding lamentation and exile. Acts as part of the subject ('sarvam etat').

निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, futile

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirarthaka

nirarthaka - meaningless, useless, vain, futile

From 'nis' (without) + 'artha' (purpose, meaning) + 'ka' suffix.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+artha)

• nis – out, forth, without
  prefix
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'idam'.

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