महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-257, verse-9

दुःखश्चायं वने वासो मृगयायां च जीविका ।
हिंसा च मृगजातीनां वनौकोभिर्वनौकसाम् ।
ज्ञातिभिर्विप्रवासश्च मिथ्या व्यवसितैरयम् ॥९॥

9. duḥkhaścāyaṁ vane vāso mṛgayāyāṁ ca jīvikā ,
hiṁsā ca mṛgajātīnāṁ vanaukobhirvanaukasām ,
jñātibhirvipravāsaśca mithyā vyavasitairayam.

9. duḥkhaḥ ca ayam vane vāsaḥ mṛgayāyām
ca jīvikā hiṃsā ca mṛgajātīnām
vanaukobhiḥ vanaukasām jñātibhiḥ
vipravāsaḥ ca mithyā vyavasitaiḥ ayam

9. And this dwelling in the forest is painful, as is a livelihood dependent on hunting. There is also the killing of deer by forest dwellers for other forest dwellers, and this exile by our relatives, who are engaged in deceitful actions.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - painful, difficult, sorrowful

• च (ca) - and

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - dwelling, residence, abode

• मृगयायाम् (mṛgayāyām) - in hunting, in the chase

• च (ca) - and

• जीविका (jīvikā) - livelihood, means of subsistence

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, killing

• च (ca) - and

• मृगजातीनाम् (mṛgajātīnām) - of species of deer, of kinds of animals

• वनौकोभिः (vanaukobhiḥ) - by forest dwellers

• वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest dwellers

• ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen

• विप्रवासः (vipravāsaḥ) - exile, banishment, absence

• च (ca) - and

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, deceitfully

• व्यवसितैः (vyavasitaiḥ) - by relatives engaged in deceitful actions (by those who are engaged in, by those who have undertaken)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (exile) (this (masculine nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - painful, difficult, sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, misery, difficulty

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वासः (vāsaḥ) - dwelling, residence, abode

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, residence, abode

Derived from root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

मृगयायाम् (mṛgayāyām) - in hunting, in the chase

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, sport

Root: mṛg (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जीविका (jīvikā) - livelihood, means of subsistence

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jīvikā

jīvikā - livelihood, means of living, subsistence

Derived from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, killing

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - violence, injury, harm, killing

Derived from root hiṃs (to injure, kill)

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मृगजातीनाम् (mṛgajātīnām) - of species of deer, of kinds of animals

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of mṛgajāti

mṛgajāti - species of deer, kind of animal

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛga+jāti)

• mṛga – deer, animal, wild beast
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 1)
• jāti – species, kind, birth, class
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

वनौकोभिः (vanaukobhiḥ) - by forest dwellers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest dweller, inhabitant of a forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, abode
  noun (neuter)

वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest dwellers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest dweller, inhabitant of a forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, abode
  noun (neuter)

ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - relative, kinsman, caste, family

Derived from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

विप्रवासः (vipravāsaḥ) - exile, banishment, absence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipravāsa

vipravāsa - exile, banishment, living abroad, absence

Derived from root vas (to dwell) with prefixes vi and pra

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, deceitfully

(indeclinable)

व्यवसितैः (vyavasitaiḥ) - by relatives engaged in deceitful actions (by those who are engaged in, by those who have undertaken)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vyavasita

vyavasita - undertaken, engaged in, determined, resolved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sā (to bind, finish, exert) with prefixes vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 6)

अयम् (ayam) - this (exile) (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it