महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-257, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एवं हृतायां कृष्णायां प्राप्य क्लेशमनुत्तमम् ।
अत ऊर्ध्वं नरव्याघ्राः किमकुर्वत पाण्डवाः ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
evaṁ hṛtāyāṁ kṛṣṇāyāṁ prāpya kleśamanuttamam ,
ata ūrdhvaṁ naravyāghrāḥ kimakurvata pāṇḍavāḥ.

1. janamejaya uvāca evam hṛtāyām kṛṣṇāyām prāpya kleśam
anuttamam ataḥ ūrdhvam naravyāghrāḥ kim akurvata pāṇḍavāḥ

1. Janamejaya said: 'After Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) had been abducted in this manner, and having endured unparalleled distress, what did the Pāṇḍavas, those foremost of men, do thereafter?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• हृतायाम् (hṛtāyām) - having been abducted, stolen, carried off

• कृष्णायाम् (kṛṣṇāyām) - Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having experienced

• क्लेशम् (kleśam) - distress, suffering, affliction

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unparalleled, supreme, excellent

• अतः (ataḥ) - thereafter, hence, from this

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, afterwards, thereafter

• नरव्याघ्राः (naravyāghrāḥ) - foremost of men (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (tiger among men, foremost of men)

• किम् (kim) - what

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parīkṣit, to whom the Mahābhārata was narrated)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of the root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the participial clause 'hṛtāyām kṛṣṇāyām'.

हृतायाम् (hṛtāyām) - having been abducted, stolen, carried off

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, carried, stolen, abducted, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, indicating the circumstance.

कृष्णायाम् (kṛṣṇāyām) - Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā (another name for Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas, literally 'the dark-complexioned one')

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, referring to Draupadī.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having experienced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the prefix 'pra-' and the root 'āp' (to obtain) with the suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Indicates a prior action by the subject (Pāṇḍavas).

क्लेशम् (kleśam) - distress, suffering, affliction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - pain, distress, suffering, trouble, affliction

Derived from the root 'kliś' (to suffer, torment).

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unparalleled, supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, unequalled, most excellent, supreme

Compound of the negative prefix 'an-' and 'uttama' (best, highest).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form, from 'ut' (up) and superlative suffix '-tamap'.

Note: Agrees with 'kleśam'.

अतः (ataḥ) - thereafter, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

Derived from the demonstrative base 'a-' with the suffix '-tas'.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, afterwards, thereafter

(indeclinable)

नरव्याघ्राः (naravyāghrāḥ) - foremost of men (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (tiger among men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - man-tiger, best of men, foremost among men (epithet for a hero)

Compound word.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect middle, 3rd person plural

Form of the root 'kṛ' (to do) in the imperfect tense, middle voice, with augment 'a-'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (referring to the five Pāṇḍava brothers)

Patronymic derivative from 'Pāṇḍu'.

Note: Subject of 'akurvata'.