महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-257, verse-5

कथं हि पत्नीमस्माकं धर्मज्ञां धर्मचारिणीम् ।
संस्पृशेदीदृशो भावः शुचिं स्तैन्यमिवानृतम् ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ hi patnīmasmākaṁ dharmajñāṁ dharmacāriṇīm ,
saṁspṛśedīdṛśo bhāvaḥ śuciṁ stainyamivānṛtam.

5. katham hi patnīm asmākam dharma-jñām dharma-cāriṇīm
saṃspṛśet īdṛśaḥ bhāvaḥ śucim stainyam iva anṛtam

5. How indeed could such a disgraceful situation, akin to theft or falsehood, taint our wife, who is pure, understands natural law (dharma), and consistently follows natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - Expressing bewilderment or impossibility. (how? in what manner?)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing the question. (indeed, surely, because)

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (wife, mistress)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - Referring to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers). (our, of us)

• धर्म-ज्ञाम् (dharma-jñām) - Describing Draupadī as knowledgeable in righteousness. (knowing natural law (dharma), righteous)

• धर्म-चारिणीम् (dharma-cāriṇīm) - Describing Draupadī as one who acts according to righteousness. (practicing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

• संस्पृशेत् (saṁspṛśet) - Expressing impossibility or impropriety of defilement. (may touch, may affect, may pollute, should touch)

• ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Referring to the disgraceful situation of Draupadī's abduction. (such, of this kind)

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - The disgraceful situation Draupadī faced, such as being abducted. (state, condition, feeling, nature, existence)

• शुचिम् (śucim) - Describing Draupadī's inherent purity. (pure, clean, holy)

• स्तैन्यम् (stainyam) - Used as an example of a disgraceful or impure act. (theft, act of stealing)

• इव (iva) - Introducing a comparison. (like, as, as if)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Used as another example of a disgraceful or impure act/state. (falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - Expressing bewilderment or impossibility. (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - Emphasizing the question. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (wife, mistress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

Feminine form of pati (master, husband).

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - Referring to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers). (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Genitive plural form of asmad.

धर्म-ज्ञाम् (dharma-jñām) - Describing Draupadī as knowledgeable in righteousness. (knowing natural law (dharma), righteous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharma-jñā

dharma-jñā - knowing natural law (dharma), acquainted with duty/righteousness

Compound. Formed from dharma (natural law) and jñā (one who knows).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jñā)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jñā – knower, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From root jñā (to know), suffix ā.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

धर्म-चारिणीम् (dharma-cāriṇīm) - Describing Draupadī as one who acts according to righteousness. (practicing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharma-cāriṇī

dharma-cāriṇī - practicing natural law (dharma), following duty, righteous

Compound. Agent noun (feminine) from dharma and root car (to move, practice).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, going; practicing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root car (to move, to perform) with suffix in.
  Root: car (class 1)

संस्पृशेत् (saṁspṛśet) - Expressing impossibility or impropriety of defilement. (may touch, may affect, may pollute, should touch)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of saṃspṛś

Optative Active.

Optative 3rd person singular active of root spṛś with prefix sam (completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Expresses potentiality or desideratum.

ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Referring to the disgraceful situation of Draupadī's abduction. (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, similar

Formed from idam (this) + dṛś (to see).

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - The disgraceful situation Draupadī faced, such as being abducted. (state, condition, feeling, nature, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, being, existence, feeling, nature, disposition

From root bhū (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

शुचिम् (śucim) - Describing Draupadī's inherent purity. (pure, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy, virtuous

स्तैन्यम् (stainyam) - Used as an example of a disgraceful or impure act. (theft, act of stealing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of stainya

stainya - theft, thieving, robbery

Derived from stena (thief).

Root: stena

इव (iva) - Introducing a comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Used as another example of a disgraceful or impure act/state. (falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity; untrue

Negative compound na + ṛta (truth, righteousness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteousness, justice
  noun (neuter)
  From root ṛ (to go, to arise).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)