महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-257, verse-5

कथं हि पत्नीमस्माकं धर्मज्ञां धर्मचारिणीम् ।
संस्पृशेदीदृशो भावः शुचिं स्तैन्यमिवानृतम् ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ hi patnīmasmākaṁ dharmajñāṁ dharmacāriṇīm ,
saṁspṛśedīdṛśo bhāvaḥ śuciṁ stainyamivānṛtam.

5. katham hi patnīm asmākam dharma-jñām dharma-cāriṇīm
saṃspṛśet īdṛśaḥ bhāvaḥ śucim stainyam iva anṛtam

5. How indeed could such a disgraceful situation, akin to theft or falsehood, taint our wife, who is pure, understands natural law (dharma), and consistently follows natural law (dharma)?

5. איך יכולה כוונה כזאת לגעת באשתנו, היודעת את דרך היושר וההולכת בה, הטהורה, כמו שגניבה ושקר נוגעים בטהור?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - Expressing bewilderment or impossibility. (how? in what manner?)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing the question. (indeed, surely, because)

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (wife, mistress)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - Referring to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers). (our, of us)

• धर्म-ज्ञाम् (dharma-jñām) - Describing Draupadī as knowledgeable in righteousness. (knowing natural law (dharma), righteous)

• धर्म-चारिणीम् (dharma-cāriṇīm) - Describing Draupadī as one who acts according to righteousness. (practicing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

• संस्पृशेत् (saṁspṛśet) - Expressing impossibility or impropriety of defilement. (may touch, may affect, may pollute, should touch)

• ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Referring to the disgraceful situation of Draupadī's abduction. (such, of this kind)

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - The disgraceful situation Draupadī faced, such as being abducted. (state, condition, feeling, nature, existence)

• शुचिम् (śucim) - Describing Draupadī's inherent purity. (pure, clean, holy)

• स्तैन्यम् (stainyam) - Used as an example of a disgraceful or impure act. (theft, act of stealing)

• इव (iva) - Introducing a comparison. (like, as, as if)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Used as another example of a disgraceful or impure act/state. (falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - Expressing bewilderment or impossibility. (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - Emphasizing the question. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (wife, mistress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

Feminine form of pati (master, husband).

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - Referring to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers). (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Genitive plural form of asmad.

धर्म-ज्ञाम् (dharma-jñām) - Describing Draupadī as knowledgeable in righteousness. (knowing natural law (dharma), righteous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharma-jñā

dharma-jñā - knowing natural law (dharma), acquainted with duty/righteousness

Compound. Formed from dharma (natural law) and jñā (one who knows).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jñā)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jñā – knower, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From root jñā (to know), suffix ā.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

धर्म-चारिणीम् (dharma-cāriṇīm) - Describing Draupadī as one who acts according to righteousness. (practicing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharma-cāriṇī

dharma-cāriṇī - practicing natural law (dharma), following duty, righteous

Compound. Agent noun (feminine) from dharma and root car (to move, practice).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, going; practicing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root car (to move, to perform) with suffix in.
  Root: car (class 1)

संस्पृशेत् (saṁspṛśet) - Expressing impossibility or impropriety of defilement. (may touch, may affect, may pollute, should touch)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of saṃspṛś

Optative Active.

Optative 3rd person singular active of root spṛś with prefix sam (completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Expresses potentiality or desideratum.

ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Referring to the disgraceful situation of Draupadī's abduction. (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, similar

Formed from idam (this) + dṛś (to see).

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - The disgraceful situation Draupadī faced, such as being abducted. (state, condition, feeling, nature, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, being, existence, feeling, nature, disposition

From root bhū (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

शुचिम् (śucim) - Describing Draupadī's inherent purity. (pure, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy, virtuous

स्तैन्यम् (stainyam) - Used as an example of a disgraceful or impure act. (theft, act of stealing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of stainya

stainya - theft, thieving, robbery

Derived from stena (thief).

Root: stena

इव (iva) - Introducing a comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Used as another example of a disgraceful or impure act/state. (falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - falsehood, untruth, unrighteousness, impurity; untrue

Negative compound na + ṛta (truth, righteousness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteousness, justice
  noun (neuter)
  From root ṛ (to go, to arise).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

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