महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-56, verse-10

जानीमहे देवितं सौबलस्य वेद द्यूते निकृतिं पार्वतीयः ।
यतः प्राप्तः शकुनिस्तत्र यातु मायायोधी भारत पार्वतीयः ॥१०॥

10. jānīmahe devitaṁ saubalasya; veda dyūte nikṛtiṁ pārvatīyaḥ ,
yataḥ prāptaḥ śakunistatra yātu; māyāyodhī bhārata pārvatīyaḥ.

10. jānīmahe devitam saubalasya veda dyūte nikṛtim pārvatīyaḥ
yataḥ prāptaḥ śakuniḥ tatra yātu māyāyodhī bhārata pārvatīyaḥ

10. We are aware of Saubala's (Śakuni's) gambling. That mountain-dweller (pārvatīya) (Śakuni) knows deceit (nikṛti) in the game of dice. O Bhārata, let that deceitful fighter (māyāyodhī), the mountain-dweller (pārvatīya), go back to where he came from!

Words meanings summery:

• जानीमहे (jānīmahe) - The speaker (Vidura) and his allies are aware of Śakuni's trickery. (we know, we are aware)

• देवितम् (devitam) - Refers to the specific act of gambling, especially the dice game initiated by Śakuni. (gambling, playing dice)

• सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - Indicates Śakuni's involvement in the gambling. (of Saubala (Śakuni))

• वेद (veda) - Referring to Śakuni's expertise in deceitful gambling. (knows)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - The sphere in which Śakuni demonstrates his deceit. (in gambling)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - The specific cunning methods Śakuni employs in gambling. (deceit, trickery)

• पार्वतीयः (pārvatīyaḥ) - An epithet for Śakuni, emphasizing his foreign origin from the mountainous region of Gandhāra. (the mountain-dweller)

• यतः (yataḥ) - Introduces a clause indicating Śakuni's place of origin. (from where, whence)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - Refers to Śakuni's arrival from his native place. (arrived, come)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Refers to King Śakuni of Gandhāra, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana. (Śakuni)

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the place Śakuni came from, implying he should return. (there, to that place)

• यातु (yātu) - A command or strong suggestion for Śakuni to depart. (let him go)

• मायायोधी (māyāyodhī) - Describes Śakuni's method of fighting or engaging in conflict, specifically his trickery in gambling. (one who fights with illusion/deception, deceitful fighter)

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata)

• पार्वतीयः (pārvatīyaḥ) - Repetition of the epithet for Śakuni, reinforcing his identity and foreignness. (the mountain-dweller)

Words meanings and morphology

जानीमहे (jānīmahe) - The speaker (Vidura) and his allies are aware of Śakuni's trickery. (we know, we are aware)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

देवितम् (devitam) - Refers to the specific act of gambling, especially the dice game initiated by Śakuni. (gambling, playing dice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of devita

devita - playing, gambling, sport; the act of playing dice

Past Passive Participle

Substantivized past passive participle of √div ('to play, gamble')

Root: div (class 4)

सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - Indicates Śakuni's involvement in the gambling. (of Saubala (Śakuni))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala; a name for Śakuni, king of Gandhāra

Derived from Subala (proper noun)

वेद (veda) - Referring to Śakuni's expertise in deceitful gambling. (knows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Although `liṭ` is generally perfect, for `√vid` it often implies present knowledge.

द्यूते (dyūte) - The sphere in which Śakuni demonstrates his deceit. (in gambling)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Past Passive Participle

Substantivized past passive participle of √div ('to play, gamble')

Root: div (class 4)

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - The specific cunning methods Śakuni employs in gambling. (deceit, trickery)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, dishonesty; degradation

From ni-√kṛ ('to put down, degrade, deceive')

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पार्वतीयः (pārvatīyaḥ) - An epithet for Śakuni, emphasizing his foreign origin from the mountainous region of Gandhāra. (the mountain-dweller)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārvatīya

pārvatīya - belonging to mountains, mountain-dweller, mountaineer; an inhabitant of a mountain region

Derived from parvata ('mountain')

Note: Used here as a proper noun to identify Śakuni.

यतः (yataḥ) - Introduces a clause indicating Śakuni's place of origin. (from where, whence)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - Refers to Śakuni's arrival from his native place. (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived at, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-√āp ('to reach, attain')

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with śakuniḥ.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Refers to King Śakuni of Gandhāra, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana. (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; a name of Śakuni, the brother of Gāndhārī

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the place Śakuni came from, implying he should return. (there, to that place)

(indeclinable)

यातु (yātu) - A command or strong suggestion for Śakuni to depart. (let him go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

मायायोधी (māyāyodhī) - Describes Śakuni's method of fighting or engaging in conflict, specifically his trickery in gambling. (one who fights with illusion/deception, deceitful fighter)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māyāyodhin

māyāyodhin - fighting with deception or trickery, using illusion in battle

Derived from māyā (illusion, trickery) + yodhin (fighter)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (māyā+yodhin)

• māyā – illusion, deception, trick, magic; cosmic illusion (māyā)
  noun (feminine)
• yodhin – fighter, warrior, soldier
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śakuniḥ.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata; relating to Bharata or India; (as a proper noun) a title for kings of the Kuru dynasty, here Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Derived from Bharata (proper noun)

पार्वतीयः (pārvatīyaḥ) - Repetition of the epithet for Śakuni, reinforcing his identity and foreignness. (the mountain-dweller)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārvatīya

pārvatīya - belonging to mountains, mountain-dweller, mountaineer; an inhabitant of a mountain region

Derived from parvata ('mountain')

Note: Used here as a proper noun to identify Śakuni.