महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-56, verse-1

विदुर उवाच ।
द्यूतं मूलं कलहस्यानुपाति मिथोभेदाय महते वा रणाय ।
यदास्थितोऽयं धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्रो दुर्योधनः सृजते वैरमुग्रम् ॥१॥

1. vidura uvāca ,
dyūtaṁ mūlaṁ kalahasyānupāti; mithobhedāya mahate vā raṇāya ,
yadāsthito'yaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putro; duryodhanaḥ sṛjate vairamugram.

1. viduraḥ uvāca dyūtam mūlam kalahasya
anupāti mithaḥ bhedāya mahate vā raṇāya
yat āsthitaḥ ayam dhṛtarāṣṭrasya
putraḥ duryodhanaḥ sṛjate vairam ugram

1. Vidura said: Gambling is the root of conflict, leading to great mutual division or even war. This son of Dhritarashtra, Duryodhana, having resorted to it, now creates fierce enmity.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, game of dice

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• कलहस्य (kalahasya) - of conflict, of quarrel, of strife

• अनुपाति (anupāti) - following, resulting in, leading to

• मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutual (division) (mutually, reciprocally, secretly)

• भेदाय (bhedāya) - for division, for separation

• महते (mahate) - for great (division or war) (to a great (one/thing), for a great (one/thing))

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle, for war

• यत् (yat) - which (refers to gambling, dyūta) (which, that (relative pronoun))

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - resorted to, taken up, engaged in

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• सृजते (sṛjate) - creates, generates, sends forth

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

• उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, game of dice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice, play

Past Passive Participle

From root div (to play, throw dice)

Root: div (class 4)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, radix, foundation, origin, source

कलहस्य (kalahasya) - of conflict, of quarrel, of strife

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kalaha

kalaha - quarrel, dispute, contention, strife, conflict, war

अनुपाति (anupāti) - following, resulting in, leading to

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anupātin

anupātin - following, pursuing, attending; resulting in, causing

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from root pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga anu, and suffix -in

Prefix: anu

Root: pat (class 1)

मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutual (division) (mutually, reciprocally, secretly)

(indeclinable)

भेदाय (bhedāya) - for division, for separation

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - splitting, breaking, dividing; division, disagreement, difference

Root: bhid (class 7)

महते (mahate) - for great (division or war) (to a great (one/thing), for a great (one/thing))

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, conflict, war, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which (refers to gambling, dyūta) (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - resorted to, taken up, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - placed, resorted to, fixed, engaged in, commenced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a king in the Mahābhārata)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a prominent antagonist in the Mahābhārata)

सृजते (sṛjate) - creates, generates, sends forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √sṛj

Root: sṛj (class 6)

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - hostility, enmity, hatred, revenge, animosity

उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, formidable, dreadful, violent