महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-26, verse-1

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
एकः शास्ता न द्वितीयोऽस्ति शास्ता यथा नियुक्तोऽस्मि तथा चरामि ।
हृद्येष तिष्ठन्पुरुषः शास्ति शास्ता तेनैव युक्तः प्रवणादिवोदकम् ॥१॥

1. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyo'sti śāstā; yathā niyukto'smi tathā carāmi ,
hṛdyeṣa tiṣṭhanpuruṣaḥ śāsti śāstā; tenaiva yuktaḥ pravaṇādivodakam.

1. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyaḥ
asti śāstā yathā niyuktaḥ asmi tathā
carāmi hṛdi eṣaḥ tiṣṭhan puruṣaḥ śāsti
śāstā tena eva yuktaḥ pravaṇāt iva udakam

1. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca ekaḥ śāstā asti,
dvitīyaḥ śāstā na asti yathā niyuktaḥ asmi tathā carāmi eṣaḥ puruṣaḥ hṛdi tiṣṭhan śāstā śāsti (jīvaḥ) tena eva udakam pravaṇāt iva yuktaḥ (bhavati)

1. The Brahmin said: "There is but one master; there is no second master. As I am directed, so I act. This master, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa), residing in the heart, governs; one is guided by that very one, just as water (flows) down a slope."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - the Brahmin, a priest

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, master, disciplinarian

• न (na) - not, no

• द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, directed, engaged

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• चरामि (carāmi) - I act, I move, I behave

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (masculine)

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, abiding, residing

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, cosmic person (puruṣa)

• शास्ति (śāsti) - he rules, he instructs, he controls

• शास्ता (śāstā) - the ruler, the instructor, the master

• तेन (tena) - by that (masculine/neuter)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, yoked, endowed, engaged, guided

• प्रवणात् (pravaṇāt) - from a slope, from a declivity

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - the Brahmin, a priest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman

Root: bṛh (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Irregular formation from root vac (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: vac (class 2)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(numeral)

शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, instructor, master, disciplinarian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, instructor, teacher, master, governor

agent noun

Agent noun from root śās (to rule, instruct) with suffix tṛ.

Root: śās (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, a second, another

Masculine nominative singular.

Root: dvi

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root as (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: as (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, directed, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, employed, directed, enjoined

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, apply) with prefix ni. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

1st person singular, present tense, active voice. Root as (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: as (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'yathā'.

चरामि (carāmi) - I act, I move, I behave

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Active

1st person singular, present tense, active voice. Root car (1st conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: car (class 1)

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, soul, essence

Locative singular.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, abiding, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to stay, to abide, to reside

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular from root sthā (1st conjugation) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'puruṣaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, cosmic person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (in Sāṃkhya/Vedānta)

Root: pṛ (class 9)

शास्ति (śāsti) - he rules, he instructs, he controls

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root śās (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: śās (class 2)

शास्ता (śāstā) - the ruler, the instructor, the master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, instructor, teacher, master, governor

agent noun

Agent noun from root śās (to rule, instruct) with suffix tṛ.

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Apposition to 'puruṣaḥ'.

तेन (tena) - by that (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter instrumental singular.

Note: Refers to 'puruṣaḥ śāstā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, yoked, endowed, engaged, guided

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, connected, engaged, devoted, fit

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke). Masculine nominative singular.

Root: yuj (class 7)

प्रवणात् (pravaṇāt) - from a slope, from a declivity

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pravaṇa

pravaṇa - sloping, inclined, a slope, declivity, tendency

Ablative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Often neuter, meaning 'slope'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und (class 7)

Note: Here, nominative.