महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-39, verse-3

इति ताः पुरुषव्याघ्र कथं शक्याः स्म रक्षितुम् ।
प्रमदाः पुरुषेणेह तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥३॥

3. iti tāḥ puruṣavyāghra kathaṁ śakyāḥ sma rakṣitum ,
pramadāḥ puruṣeṇeha tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

3. iti tāḥ puruṣavyāghra katham śakyāḥ sma rakṣitum
pramadāḥ puruṣeṇa iha tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

3. iti he puruṣavyāghra katham tāḥ pramadāḥ puruṣeṇa
iha śakyāḥ sma rakṣitum tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

3. Therefore, O tiger among men, how can these passionate women be protected by a man here? You ought to explain that to me.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, therefore

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - Addressed to a valiant person, like Arjuna (O tiger among men)

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - able to be done, capable of being protected

• स्म (sma) - particle (used with present tense verbs to denote past action, or for emphasis)

• रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect

• प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - passionate women, women overcome by passion

• पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a man, by a person

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• तत् (tat) - Referring to 'how can these women be protected' (that)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to elucidate

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are worthy, you should

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, therefore

(indeclinable)

ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - Addressed to a valiant person, like Arjuna (O tiger among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (simile compound) (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - able to be done, capable of being protected

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

Derived from root śak 'to be able', meaning 'that which can be done/protected'.

Root: śak (class 5)

स्म (sma) - particle (used with present tense verbs to denote past action, or for emphasis)

(indeclinable)

रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb rakṣ 'to protect'.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - passionate women, women overcome by passion

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pramadā

pramadā - a passionate or lovely woman, a female

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a man, by a person

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Referring to 'how can these women be protected' (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to elucidate

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb ā-khyā with prefix vi.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are worthy, you should

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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