महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-39, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
इमे वै मानवा लोके स्त्रीषु सज्जन्त्यभीक्ष्णशः ।
मोहेन परमाविष्टा दैवादिष्टेन पार्थिव ।
स्त्रियश्च पुरुषेष्वेव प्रत्यक्षं लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ime vai mānavā loke strīṣu sajjantyabhīkṣṇaśaḥ ,
mohena paramāviṣṭā daivādiṣṭena pārthiva ,
striyaśca puruṣeṣveva pratyakṣaṁ lokasākṣikam.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ime vai mānavāḥ loke
strīṣu sajjanti abhīkṣṇaśaḥ mohena
parama-āviṣṭāḥ daiva-ādiṣṭena pārthiva striyaḥ
ca puruṣeṣu eva pratyakṣam loka-sākṣikam

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: pārthiva,
loke ime mānavāḥ vai daiva-ādiṣṭena paramāviṣṭāḥ mohena abhīkṣṇaśaḥ strīṣu sajjanti.
ca striyaḥ (api sajjanti) puruṣeṣu eva.
(etat) pratyakṣam loka-sākṣikam

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O King (pārthiva), these humans in the world constantly become attached to women, being greatly overcome by a divinely destined delusion (moha). And women, in turn, are similarly attracted to men; this is directly evident and witnessed by the world.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इमे (ime) - these (humans) (these (masculine/feminine nominative plural))

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

• लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - towards women (in women, towards women)

• सज्जन्ति (sajjanti) - they become attached (they cling, adhere, are attached)

• अभीक्ष्णशः (abhīkṣṇaśaḥ) - constantly (repeatedly, constantly, frequently)

• मोहेन (mohena) - by delusion (by delusion, by infatuation)

• परम-आविष्टाः (parama-āviṣṭāḥ) - greatly overcome, intensely possessed (by delusion) (greatly overcome, intensely possessed)

• दैव-आदिष्टेन (daiva-ādiṣṭena) - by a divinely destined (delusion) (by divinely ordained, by fate's command)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O son of earth)

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• च (ca) - and, also (to signify reciprocity) (and, also, moreover)

• पुरुषेषु (puruṣeṣu) - towards men (in men, towards men)

• एव (eva) - similarly, indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly evident (perceptible, visible, directly evident)

• लोक-साक्षिकम् (loka-sākṣikam) - witnessed by the world (witnessed by the world, evidenced by people)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Steadfast in battle (yudhi sthira)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (liṭ)

3rd singular, perfect tense, active voice, indicative

Root: vac (class 2)

इमे (ime) - these (humans) (these (masculine/feminine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to `mānavāḥ`.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human being, man; offspring of Manu

Derived from 'manu'

Note: Subject of `sajjanti`.

लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, region; people

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - towards women (in women, towards women)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Indicates the object of attachment.

सज्जन्ति (sajjanti) - they become attached (they cling, adhere, are attached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sajj

present tense, active voice

3rd plural, present, active voice, indicative

Root: sajj (class 1)

अभीक्ष्णशः (abhīkṣṇaśaḥ) - constantly (repeatedly, constantly, frequently)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with suffix 'śaḥ' from 'abhīkṣṇa' (repeated)

Note: Modifies `sajjanti`.

मोहेन (mohena) - by delusion (by delusion, by infatuation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment, ignorance

From root 'muh' (to be bewildered, faint)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Instrument of being overcome.

परम-आविष्टाः (parama-āviṣṭāḥ) - greatly overcome, intensely possessed (by delusion) (greatly overcome, intensely possessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parama-āviṣṭa

parama-āviṣṭa - greatly entered, intensely pervaded, completely overcome

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āviṣṭa)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• āviṣṭa – entered, pervaded, possessed, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā + viś (to enter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `mānavāḥ`.

दैव-आदिष्टेन (daiva-ādiṣṭena) - by a divinely destined (delusion) (by divinely ordained, by fate's command)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daiva-ādiṣṭa

daiva-ādiṣṭa - ordained by fate/gods, divinely commanded

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daiva+ādiṣṭa)

• daiva – divine, celestial, relating to gods; fate, destiny
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'deva' (god)
• ādiṣṭa – commanded, ordered, indicated, taught
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā + diś (to point out, command)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `mohena`.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O son of earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth; king, prince, ruler

From 'pṛthivī' (earth)

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira is addressing another king or venerable person.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Subject of an implied verb (like 'are attached').

च (ca) - and, also (to signify reciprocity) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two statements.

पुरुषेषु (puruṣeṣu) - towards men (in men, towards men)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person; the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Indicates the object of attachment for women.

एव (eva) - similarly, indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the reciprocal nature.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly evident (perceptible, visible, directly evident)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, manifest; direct perception

From prati + akṣa (eye)

Note: Functions as a neuter nominative singular predicate.

लोक-साक्षिकम् (loka-sākṣikam) - witnessed by the world (witnessed by the world, evidenced by people)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of loka-sākṣika

loka-sākṣika - witnessed by the world, known to all people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+sākṣika)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• sākṣika – witness, attested, evidenced
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'sākṣin' (witness)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied 'this'.

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