महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-71, verse-4

प्रियं ब्रूयादकृपणः शूरः स्यादविकत्थनः ।
दाता नापात्रवर्षी स्यात्प्रगल्भः स्यादनिष्ठुरः ॥४॥

4. priyaṁ brūyādakṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syādavikatthanaḥ ,
dātā nāpātravarṣī syātpragalbhaḥ syādaniṣṭhuraḥ.

4. priyam brūyāt akṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syāt avikatthanaḥ dātā
na apātravarsī syāt pragalbhaḥ syāt aniṣṭhuraḥ

4. akṛpaṇaḥ priyam brūyāt śūraḥ avikatthanaḥ syāt dātā
apātravarsī na syāt pragalbhaḥ aniṣṭhuraḥ syāt

4. One should speak pleasantly and be generous. One should be brave and not boastful. A giver should not bestow upon unworthy recipients. One should be resolute and not harsh.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly (referring to speech) (pleasant, agreeable, dear)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should say, should declare

• अकृपणः (akṛpaṇaḥ) - not miserly, generous, ungrudging

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, a hero

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

• अविकत्थनः (avikatthanaḥ) - not boastful, modest

• दाता (dātā) - a giver, donor

• न (na) - not, no

• अपात्रवर्सी (apātravarsī) - one who showers on unworthy recipients

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

• प्रगल्भः (pragalbhaḥ) - bold, resolute, confident, eloquent

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

• अनिष्ठुरः (aniṣṭhuraḥ) - not harsh, gentle, mild

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly (referring to speech) (pleasant, agreeable, dear)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable

Note: Used adverbially here, 'pleasantly'.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should say, should declare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Refers to an implied subject 'one' or 'a person'.

अकृपणः (akṛpaṇaḥ) - not miserly, generous, ungrudging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛpaṇa

akṛpaṇa - not miserly, not poor, generous, ungrudging

Na-tatpurusha compound of 'na' (not) and 'kṛpaṇa' (miserly)

Compound type : na-tatpurusha (na+kṛpaṇa)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• kṛpaṇa – miserly, wretched, poor, stingy
  adjective (masculine)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, a hero

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic, a warrior, a hero

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अविकत्थनः (avikatthanaḥ) - not boastful, modest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avikatthana

avikatthana - not boastful, not bragging, modest

Na-tatpurusha compound of 'na' (not) and 'vikatthana' (boastful)

Compound type : na-tatpurusha (na+vikatthana)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• vikatthana – boastful, bragging, self-praising
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kath' (to speak) with 'vi' prefix, suggesting 'speaking excessively' or 'boasting'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kath (class 10)

दाता (dātā) - a giver, donor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

Agent noun

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with the suffix -tṛ

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपात्रवर्सी (apātravarsī) - one who showers on unworthy recipients

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apātravarsin

apātravarsin - one who rains or showers (gifts) upon unworthy persons

Agent noun

Bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'one who has the characteristic of raining on the unworthy'. 'apātra' (unworthy) + 'varṣin' (one who rains/showers).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (apātra+varṣin)

• apātra – unworthy, unfit, improper vessel
  adjective (neuter)
  Na-tatpurusha compound: 'na' (not) + 'pātra' (worthy/recipient)
• varṣin – one who rains, showering, pouring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'vṛṣ' (to rain, shower) with the agent suffix '-in'.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रगल्भः (pragalbhaḥ) - bold, resolute, confident, eloquent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pragalbha

pragalbha - bold, confident, resolute, eloquent, prominent

Derived from root 'galbh' (to dare, be able) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: galbh (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, might be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अनिष्ठुरः (aniṣṭhuraḥ) - not harsh, gentle, mild

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniṣṭhura

aniṣṭhura - not harsh, gentle, mild, benevolent

Na-tatpurusha compound of 'na' (not) and 'niṣṭhura' (harsh)

Compound type : na-tatpurusha (na+niṣṭhura)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• niṣṭhura – harsh, cruel, hard, rough
  adjective (masculine)