महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-71, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञ वर्तमानो महीपतिः ।
सुखेनार्थान्सुखोदर्कानिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयात् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kena vṛttena vṛttajña vartamāno mahīpatiḥ ,
sukhenārthānsukhodarkāniha ca pretya cāpnuyāt.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kena vṛttena vṛttajña vartamānaḥ
mahīpatiḥ sukhena arthān sukhodarkān iha ca pretya ca āpnuyāt

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he vṛttajña mahīpatiḥ kena vṛttena
vartamānaḥ iha ca pretya ca sukhena sukhodarkān arthān āpnuyāt

1. Yudhishthira said: 'O knower of proper conduct, by what kind of behavior should a king act so that he may happily obtain objectives (artha) which have a pleasant outcome, both in this world and in the next?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• केन (kena) - by what (kind of) (by what, by which)

• वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by (what) conduct/behavior (by conduct, by behavior)

• वृत्तज्ञ (vṛttajña) - O knower of proper conduct (O knower of conduct)

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - conducting himself (being, existing, behaving, present)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king (king, lord of the earth)

• सुखेन (sukhena) - happily, effortlessly (happily, easily, with comfort)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - objectives, goals (aims, goals, objects, wealth, purposes)

• सुखोदर्कान् (sukhodarkān) - having a pleasant outcome (having a happy result/outcome)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• च (ca) - and

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next world (after death) (having died, in the next world, after death)

• च (ca) - and

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may (he) obtain (may obtain, should obtain)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava)

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form.

केन (kena) - by what (kind of) (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which

Note: Agrees with `vṛttena`.

वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by (what) conduct/behavior (by conduct, by behavior)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, occurrence, event

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to behave)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वृत्तज्ञ (vṛttajña) - O knower of proper conduct (O knower of conduct)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vṛttajña

vṛttajña - knower of conduct/behavior

Compound of 'vṛtta' (conduct) and 'jña' (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtta+jña)

• vṛtta – conduct, behavior
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to behave)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• jña – knower, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix -a
  Root: jñā (class 9)

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - conducting himself (being, existing, behaving, present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, behaving

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of root vṛt (to be, exist, behave)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound of 'mahī' (earth) and 'pati' (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुखेन (sukhena) - happily, effortlessly (happily, easily, with comfort)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, comfort, ease

अर्थान् (arthān) - objectives, goals (aims, goals, objects, wealth, purposes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, object, meaning, wealth, prosperity

Note: Object of `āpnuyāt`.

सुखोदर्कान् (sukhodarkān) - having a pleasant outcome (having a happy result/outcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sukhodarka

sukhodarka - having a happy ending/result

Compound of 'sukha' (happiness) and 'udarka' (result, consequence)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sukha+udarka)

• sukha – happiness, comfort, ease
  noun (neuter)
• udarka – result, consequence, future
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ud- + √ṛc or √ṛk
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with `arthān`.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'this world' and 'next world'.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next world (after death) (having died, in the next world, after death)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of pra- + √i (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may (he) obtain (may obtain, should obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Parasmaipada form.