महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-247, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
भूतानां गुणसंख्यानं भूयः पुत्र निशामय ।
द्वैपायनमुखाद्भ्रष्टं श्लाघया परयानघ ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
bhūtānāṁ guṇasaṁkhyānaṁ bhūyaḥ putra niśāmaya ,
dvaipāyanamukhādbhraṣṭaṁ ślāghayā parayānagha.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhūtānām guṇasaṃkhyānam bhūyaḥ putra
niśāmaya dvaipāyanamukhāt bhraṣṭam ślāghayā parayā anagha

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: putra,
anagha,
bhūyaḥ bhūtānām guṇasaṃkhyānam niśāmaya,
(yat) dvaipāyanamukhāt parayā ślāghayā bhraṣṭam (asti).

1. Bhishma said: O son, listen once more to the comprehensive enumeration of the intrinsic natures (guṇa) of all beings (bhūta). This account, spoken by Dvaipayana, is exalted with supreme praise, O sinless one.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (bhūta) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• गुणसंख्यानम् (guṇasaṁkhyānam) - comprehensive enumeration of the intrinsic natures (guṇa) (enumeration of qualities, count of attributes)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - once more (again, further, repeatedly)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (O son, son)

• निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen (listen, hear, behold)

• द्वैपायनमुखात् (dvaipāyanamukhāt) - spoken by Dvaipayana (from the mouth of Dvaipayana)

• भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - spoken (fallen, dropped, uttered, spoken)

• श्लाघया (ślāghayā) - with supreme praise (by praise, with commendation)

• परया (parayā) - with supreme (by supreme, with excellent)

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, sinless)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata)

From root bhīṣ (to frighten) + ma. Means 'terrible'.

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (bhūta) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing, past

Past Passive Participle (used as a noun)

From root bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used substantively.

गुणसंख्यानम् (guṇasaṁkhyānam) - comprehensive enumeration of the intrinsic natures (guṇa) (enumeration of qualities, count of attributes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guṇasaṃkhyāna

guṇasaṁkhyāna - enumeration of qualities, calculation of attributes

Compound of guṇa and saṃkhyāna.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+saṃkhyāna)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, strand
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkhyāna – enumeration, calculation, reckoning
  noun (neuter)
  From sam + khyā (to perceive, enumerate).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - once more (again, further, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Comparative of bahula (much), used as an adverb.

Note: Adverbial.

पुत्र (putra) - O son (O son, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen (listen, hear, behold)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śam

Imperative, active voice, causative stem (śāmaya)

Imperative 2nd singular active of causative ni-śam. ni-śāmaya means to observe, perceive, listen.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

द्वैपायनमुखात् (dvaipāyanamukhāt) - spoken by Dvaipayana (from the mouth of Dvaipayana)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dvaipāyanamukha

dvaipāyanamukha - mouth of Dvaipayana

Compound of dvaipāyana and mukha.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvaipāyana+mukha)

• dvaipāyana – Dvaipayana (a name of Vyasa)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Born on an island (dvīpa), hence Dvaipayana.
• mukha – mouth, face, principal, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates source ('from the mouth').

भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - spoken (fallen, dropped, uttered, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhraṣṭa

bhraṣṭa - fallen, dropped, lost, deviated, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root bhraṃś (to fall, drop).

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying guṇasaṃkhyānam.

श्लाघया (ślāghayā) - with supreme praise (by praise, with commendation)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ślāghā

ślāghā - praise, commendation, boasting

From root ślāgh (to praise, boast).

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner.

परया (parayā) - with supreme (by supreme, with excellent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, excellent, highest, other, ultimate

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, sinless)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, pure, blameless

Compound a (not) + agha (sin).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• agha – sin, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to Yudhishthira.