महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-155, verse-7

तपसो बहुरूपस्य तैस्तैर्द्वारैः प्रवर्ततः ।
निवृत्त्या वर्तमानस्य तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥७॥

7. tapaso bahurūpasya taistairdvāraiḥ pravartataḥ ,
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapo nānaśanātparam.

7. tapasas bahurūpasya taiḥ taiḥ dvāraiḥ pravartataḥ
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapaḥ na anaśanāt param

7. bahurūpasya tapasaḥ taiḥ taiḥ dvāraiḥ pravartataḥ
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapaḥ anaśanāt param na

7. Austerity (tapas) is multifaceted, manifesting through various means. Yet, for one who practices with renunciation, no austerity (tapas) is superior to fasting.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity, of penance, of spiritual discipline

• बहुरूपस्य (bahurūpasya) - of manifold forms, of multifaceted nature

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by doors, by means, by ways

• प्रवर्ततः (pravartataḥ) - referring to austerity (tapas) being performed (of one who proceeds, of one who acts, of one being performed, of that which operates)

• निवृत्त्या (nivṛttyā) - by cessation, by withdrawal, by renunciation, by abstinence

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of one who practices (austerity) (of one who exists, of one who acts, of one who is present)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

• न (na) - not, nor

• अनशनात् (anaśanāt) - than fasting, from not eating

• परम् (param) - higher, supreme, superior

Words meanings and morphology

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity, of penance, of spiritual discipline

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

बहुरूपस्य (bahurūpasya) - of manifold forms, of multifaceted nature

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bahurūpa

bahurūpa - multifaceted, having many forms, various

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+rūpa)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasaḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tat

tat - that, those

Note: Refers to 'dvāraiḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tat

tat - that, those

Note: Repetition for emphasis, 'various'.

द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by doors, by means, by ways

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, means, way

प्रवर्ततः (pravartataḥ) - referring to austerity (tapas) being performed (of one who proceeds, of one who acts, of one being performed, of that which operates)

(participle)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pravartat

pravartat - proceeding, acting, being performed, operating

Present active participle

Derived from root vṛt with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasaḥ'.

निवृत्त्या (nivṛttyā) - by cessation, by withdrawal, by renunciation, by abstinence

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nivṛtti

nivṛtti - cessation, withdrawal, renunciation, abstinence, turning back

From ni-vṛt.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of one who practices (austerity) (of one who exists, of one who acts, of one who is present)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, acting, present

Present active participle

From root vṛt.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the practitioner, understood as masculine.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

अनशनात् (anaśanāt) - than fasting, from not eating

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anaśana

anaśana - fasting, abstaining from food, not eating

Compound: a- + aśana (eating).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+aśana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  noun from verb
  Derived from root aś 'to eat'.
  Root: aś (class 9)

परम् (param) - higher, supreme, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, subsequent, other

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.