महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-155, verse-4

औषधान्यगदादीनि तिस्रो विद्याश्च संस्कृताः ।
तपसैव हि सिध्यन्ति तपोमूलं हि साधनम् ॥४॥

4. auṣadhānyagadādīni tisro vidyāśca saṁskṛtāḥ ,
tapasaiva hi sidhyanti tapomūlaṁ hi sādhanam.

4. auṣadhāni agadādīni tisraḥ vidyāḥ ca saṃskṛtāḥ
tapasā eva hi sidhyanti tapomūlam hi sādhanam

4. Healing medicines and the three purified sciences (vidyā) are indeed perfected by austerity (tapas) alone. For, austerity (tapas) is certainly the root of all means to accomplishment (sādhana).

Words meanings summery:

• औषधानि (auṣadhāni) - medicines (medicines, herbs, drugs)

• अगदादीनि (agadādīni) - including those that cure diseases (beginning with freedom from disease, health-giving, remedies for illness)

• तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three

• विद्याः (vidyāḥ) - sciences (vidyā) (knowledge, sciences, learning)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - purified (referring to sciences) (refined, purified, cultivated, perfected, prepared)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through asceticism)

• एव (eva) - alone (alone, only, indeed, just)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - are perfected (they are perfected, they succeed, they come to fruition)

• तपोमूलम् (tapomūlam) - having austerity (tapas) as its foundation (rooted in austerity, having austerity as its foundation/origin)

• हि (hi) - for (introducing a reason) (indeed, surely, because, for)

• साधनम् (sādhanam) - means to accomplishment (sādhana) (means, instrument, accomplishment, proof, cause)

Words meanings and morphology

औषधानि (auṣadhāni) - medicines (medicines, herbs, drugs)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of auṣadha

auṣadha - herb, medicine, drug, remedy

From oṣadhi (herb) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of `sidhyanti`.

अगदादीनि (agadādīni) - including those that cure diseases (beginning with freedom from disease, health-giving, remedies for illness)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of agadādi

agadādi - beginning with health/freedom from disease, etc.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+gada+ādi)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• gada – disease, illness, affliction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gad (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with `auṣadhāni`.

तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `vidyāḥ`.

विद्याः (vidyāḥ) - sciences (vidyā) (knowledge, sciences, learning)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, science, learning, lore

From root vid (to know) + -yā suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of `sidhyanti`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `auṣadhāni` and `vidyāḥ`.

संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - purified (referring to sciences) (refined, purified, cultivated, perfected, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - consecrated, refined, purified, prepared, accomplished, cultured

Past Passive Participle

From sam (together) + kṛ (to do, make) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `vidyāḥ`.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through asceticism)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance, spiritual heat, religious observance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of means.

एव (eva) - alone (alone, only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `tapasā`.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - are perfected (they are perfected, they succeed, they come to fruition)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sidh

Present active indicative

From root sidh, class 4.

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Verb for `auṣadhāni` and `vidyāḥ`.

तपोमूलम् (tapomūlam) - having austerity (tapas) as its foundation (rooted in austerity, having austerity as its foundation/origin)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapomūla

tapomūla - having austerity as its root/origin/foundation

Compound noun, with 'tapas' as the root.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+mūla)

• tapas – austerity, asceticism, penance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `sādhanam`.

हि (hi) - for (introducing a reason) (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to explain the preceding statement.

साधनम् (sādhanam) - means to accomplishment (sādhana) (means, instrument, accomplishment, proof, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhana

sādhana - means, instrument, accomplishing, effecting, preparation, proof, accomplishment

From root sādh (to accomplish, effect) + -ana suffix.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.