महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-155, verse-3

तपसो ह्यानुपूर्व्येण फलमूलानिलाशनाः ।
त्रीँल्लोकांस्तपसा सिद्धाः पश्यन्ति सुसमाहिताः ॥३॥

3. tapaso hyānupūrvyeṇa phalamūlānilāśanāḥ ,
trīँllokāṁstapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti susamāhitāḥ.

3. tapasaḥ hi ānupūrvyena phalamūlanilāśanāḥ trīn
lokān tapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti susamāhitāḥ

3. Indeed, those who subsist on fruits, roots, and air, having become accomplished (siddha) through austerity (tapas) performed in due order, perceive the three worlds, being perfectly concentrated.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - from austerity (of austerity, by austerity, from austerity)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• आनुपूर्व्येन (ānupūrvyena) - in due order (referring to the performance of austerity) (in due order, successively, in sequence)

• फलमूलनिलाशनाः (phalamūlanilāśanāḥ) - those who subsist on fruits, roots, and air (those who eat fruits, roots, and air)

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds (worlds, realms, people)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through asceticism)

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - accomplished (siddha) (perfected, accomplished, successful; perfected ones)

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see, they behold)

• सुसमाहिताः (susamāhitāḥ) - perfectly concentrated (well-concentrated, perfectly composed, absorbed)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - from austerity (of austerity, by austerity, from austerity)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance, spiritual heat, religious observance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as ablative of cause or origin.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle emphasizing the statement.

आनुपूर्व्येन (ānupūrvyena) - in due order (referring to the performance of austerity) (in due order, successively, in sequence)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ānupūrvya

ānupūrvya - due order, succession, sequence

Derived from anu-pūrva (following in order).

फलमूलनिलाशनाः (phalamūlanilāśanāḥ) - those who subsist on fruits, roots, and air (those who eat fruits, roots, and air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of phalamūlanilāśana

phalamūlanilāśana - eating fruits, roots, and air; one who subsists on fruits, roots, and air

Compound type : dvandva (phala+mūla+anila+āśana)

• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)
• anila – air, wind
  noun (masculine)
• āśana – eating, food, one who eats
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś (to eat) with suffix -ana.
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Refers to the ascetics who are the subject of the sentence.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `lokān`.

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of `paśyanti`.

तपसा (tapasā) - through austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through asceticism)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance, spiritual heat, religious observance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of means.

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - accomplished (siddha) (perfected, accomplished, successful; perfected ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, fulfilled, successful, one who has attained spiritual power

Past Passive Participle

From root sidh (to succeed, be accomplished) + -ta suffix.

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `phalamūlanilāśanāḥ`.

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see, they behold)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active indicative

Irregular present stem from root dṛś, class 1.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The verb for the subject `phalamūlanilāśanāḥ`.

सुसमाहिताः (susamāhitāḥ) - perfectly concentrated (well-concentrated, perfectly composed, absorbed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susamāhita

susamāhita - well-fixed, well-disposed, perfectly composed, deeply absorbed, concentrated

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + sam (together) + ā (towards) + dhā (to place, fix) + -ta suffix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+samāhita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• samāhita – composed, concentrated, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā with prefixes sam- and ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `phalamūlanilāśanāḥ`.