महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-153, verse-8

एतया या प्रवृत्तिश्च वृद्ध्यादीन्यांश्च पृच्छसि ।
विस्तरेण महाबाहो शृणु तच्च विशां पते ॥८॥

8. etayā yā pravṛttiśca vṛddhyādīnyāṁśca pṛcchasi ,
vistareṇa mahābāho śṛṇu tacca viśāṁ pate.

8. etayā yā pravṛttiḥ ca vṛddhyādīn yān ca pṛcchasi
vistareṇa mahābāho śṛṇu tat ca viśām pate

8. mahābāho viśām pate vistareṇa śṛṇu tat ca yā
etayā pravṛttiḥ ca yān vṛddhyādīn pṛcchasi

8. O mighty-armed one, O lord of the people, listen to that in detail: the tendencies (pravṛtti) that arise from this [ignorance], and those [qualities] like prosperity (vṛddhi) and others about which you are asking.

Words meanings summery:

• एतया (etayā) - by this (ignorance) (by this)

• या (yā) - which

• प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - tendency or activity (arising from ignorance) (tendency, activity, course, origin)

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्ध्यादीन् (vṛddhyādīn) - qualities like prosperity (beginning with growth/prosperity, and others)

• यान् (yān) - which, those which

• च (ca) - and

• पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

• तत् (tat) - that (which I am about to explain) (that)

• च (ca) - and

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord (of the people) (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

एतया (etayā) - by this (ignorance) (by this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

या (yā) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - tendency or activity (arising from ignorance) (tendency, activity, course, origin)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, tendency, course, origin

From root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'pravṛttiḥ' with what follows.

वृद्ध्यादीन् (vṛddhyādīn) - qualities like prosperity (beginning with growth/prosperity, and others)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddhyādi

vṛddhyādi - beginning with growth, etc.

Compound of 'vṛddhi' (growth/prosperity) and 'ādi' (beginning, etc.).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛddhi+ādi)

• vṛddhi – growth, prosperity, increase
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: √vṛdh (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  noun (masculine)

यान् (yān) - which, those which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'vṛddhyādīn'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

Present Tense

2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: √prac (class 6)

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - detail, extension, amplitude

From root √stṛ (to spread) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: √stṛ (class 5)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bāhu' (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for a warrior, often Arjuna.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śṛṇu

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: √śru (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (which I am about to explain) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Direct object of 'śṛṇu'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, subject, vaishya

पते (pate) - O lord (of the people) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner